Immune System

Question 1

The immune system is primarily responsible for acting as a line of ______ against _____ that enter the body.

Answer 1

line of defense; pathogens

Question 2

_______ are any foreign substances that cause disease or infection.

Answer 2

Pathogens

Question 3

Pathogens include:

Answer 3

viruses
bacteria
fungi

Question 4

The immune system is split into what two systems?

Answer 4

Innate and adaptive

Question 5

How does the innate system prevent disease vs the adaptive system?

Answer 5

The innate system uses nonspecific defenses to prevent disease; the adaptive system targets specific pathogens.

Question 6

What is the bodies first line of defense against microorganisms that can cause harm?

Answer 6

the skin acts as a barrier

Question 7

What traps pathogens that enter the mouth, eyes, or nose?

Answer 7

cilia; tears; mucus; saliva

Question 8

What does the innate immune system initiate as a response to pathogens that have entered the body?

Answer 8

inflammation

Question 9

If a body tissue is damaged, the local tissue releases what to raise the temperature of the body and increase blood flow to that area?

Answer 9

histamines

Question 10

When your body increases blood flow to an area of injury, you are increasing the amount of _______ flowing that site for tissue repair.

Answer 10

neutrophils

Question 11

When enough pathogens enter the body, the body will trigger the release of enough histamines to raise the overall body temp, resulting in a _______, which is another innate immune response.

Answer 11

fever

Question 12

Innate Response - _________ ______ destroy bacteria by interfering with the functions of their membranes and DNA

Answer 12

Antimicrobial Peptides

Question 13

________ causes nearby cells to increase their defenses and can possibly inhibit virus replication.

Answer 13

interferon

Question 14

The adaptive immune system ________ targets pathogens and attacks them based on their specific ______.

Answer 14

specific; properties

Question 15

What is a substance that exists on the surface of a pathogenic cell that the immune system does not recognize?

Answer 15

antigens

Question 16

The main actors of the adaptive immune system (specific) are the _______.

Answer 16

lymphocytes

Question 17

Two types of lymphocytes:

Answer 17

B and T lymphocytes

Question 18

B - lymphocytes are produced in the _____ _____.

Answer 18

bone marrow

Question 19

T - lymphocytes mature in the ______.

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

The B - lymphocytes participate in the ______ response.

Answer 20

humoral response

Question 21

T - lymphocytes participate in the ____ - _____ response.

Answer 21

cell mediated

Question 22

The humoral respons e of the B - lymphocytes comes into play when the virus is basically floating around _____ of the cells.

Answer 22

outside

Question 23

When the virus infiltrate the cells, the ___ lymphocytes are activated.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

White blood cells are called ________.

Answer 24

leukocytes

Question 25

What are the two classes of white blood cells?

Answer 25

granular and agranular leukocytes

Question 26

What are the granular leukocytes?

Answer 26

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 27

What classes are the agranular leukocytes divided into?

Answer 27

lymphocytes | monocytes

Question 28

What is the first lymphocyte to detect an antigen?

Answer 28

T - Cell

Question 29

When a phagocyte ingests a pathogen cell, T-cells are alerted to the presence of _______ that now exist in the phagocyte membrane.

Answer 29

antigens

Question 30

What type of T-Cell is activated in an immune response, and acts as the coordinator of the immune response?

Answer 30

Helper T - Cells

Question 31

Why are helper T - Cells called the coordinators of the immune response?

Answer 31

they can stimulate one of two different kinds of immune responses

Question 32

What two responses can a helper T-Cell stimulate in an immune response?

Answer 32

The cytotoxic T-Cells and the B-Cells

Question 33

The cytotoxic T-Cells act in a ____ - ______ response.

Answer 33

cell - mediated response

Question 34

The cytotoxic cells ____ to the _______ cell's surface in order to kill it.

Answer 34

bind; targeted

Question 35

When B cells are triggered, an ______ - ________ response is triggered.

Answer 35

antibody - mediated response

Question 36

Antibodies are _______ that bind to the antigen to _______ it and stimulate phagocytes to ingest the entire structure.

Answer 36

bind; neutralize

Question 37

What are the two types of B cells that arise in an antibody mediated response?

Answer 37

plasma cells; memory cells

Question 38

What produces antibodies?

Answer 38

plasma cells

Question 39

What stores the info from the antibodies, then are quickly sprung into action if the same antigen appears in the body?

Answer 39

memory cells

Question 40

The resistance to a now-known pathogen is called ______.

Answer 40

immunity

Question 41

Memory B - cells are the underlying mechanisms behind _______.

Answer 41

vaccines

Question 42

Neutrophils, a granulocyte are the ______ ______ and quickly migrate to the site of _______ to destroy bacterial invaders.

Answer 42

first responders; infections

Question 43

Eosinophils, a granulocyte, attack _______ _______.

Answer 43

multicellular parasites

Question 44

Basophils, a granulocyte, is a large cell responsible for _________ ______, including ______.

Answer 44

inflammatory reactions; allergies

Question 45

What type of monocyte engulfs and destroys microbes, foreign substances, and cancer cells?

Answer 45

macrophage

Question 46

``` Name whether the following are innate or adaptive immunity. Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil B-Cells T-Cells Natural Killer Cells Marophage ```

Answer 46

``` Neutrophil - innate Eosinophil - innate Basophil - innate B - Cells - adaptive T - Cells - adaptive Natural Killer Cells - both Marcophage - both ```

Question 47

Natural Killer Cells destroy ____ - _____ cells and _____ cells.

Answer 47

virus - infected cells; tumor