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TEAS TEST > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system is responsible for ______, _____ , and _______ to information from both inside and outside of the body.

A

gathering, processing, reacting

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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3
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

The CNS is responsible for _____ and _____ info, and deciding appropriate actions and commands.

A

processing; storing

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5
Q

The PNS gathers info and transports it to the _____ and then transports commands from the CNS back to appropriate _______.

A

CNS; organs

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6
Q

In the PNS, what does the gathering and transporting of info, and what transports the commands to the appropriate organs?

A

sensory organs and nerves gather and transport info; efferent nerves transport commands

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7
Q

For example, efferent nerves could transport the signal for a muscle to ________.

A

contract

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8
Q

The nervous system is made up of nervous ______, and consists of two classes of cells: ______ and ______.

A

tissue; neurons; neralgia

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9
Q

________ are the nerve cell, divided up into distinct parts.

A

neurons

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10
Q

What is the body of the neuron, where most of the neurons cellular organelles exist?

A

soma

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11
Q

________ are the small, treelike structures that extend from the soma.

A

dendrites

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12
Q

What is the responsibility of dendrites?

A

They carry information to the soma, sometimes away from it.

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13
Q

From the soma also extends an ________, responsible for sending info from the soma, rarely to it.

A

axon

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14
Q

What is the place where two neurons meet either each other or other cells?

A

synapses

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15
Q

Neuroglia aka ______ cells.

A

glial

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16
Q

What are the maintenance cells for neurons?

A

neuroglia cells

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17
Q

Neuroglia cells ______ and _____ neurons.

A

protect; feed

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18
Q

What is the primary glial cell in the PNS?

A

schwann cell

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19
Q

What to schwann cells secrete that wraps around a neuron, allowing for quicker transmission of electric signal?

A

myelin - fatty substance

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20
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath that surround the neurons are called _____ of _____

A

nodes of ranvier

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21
Q

The brain is housed in the _____ cavity of the skull and the spinal cord is enclosed in the ______ cavity of the spine.

A

cranial; vertebral

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22
Q

The ______ serves as the control system for the NS, while the _____ _____ carries signals and processes reflexes to stimuli.

A

brain; spinal cord

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23
Q

The brain and spinal cord are vital to our survival and are protected by what two things?

A

meninges (3 layers) and cerebrospinal fluid

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24
Q

Name three layers of the meninges.

A

Dura Mater - Outermost
Arachnoid Mater - Middle
Pia Mater - Innermost

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25
Q

The _____ _____ is the most durable part of meninges.

A

Dura Mater

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26
Q

The Dura Mater is made out of ______ ______, forming a space for the ________ _____ around the CNS.

A

collagen fibers; cerebrospinal fluid

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27
Q

The thin lining on the inside of the Dura Mater is called the _________ mater.

A

arachnoid

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28
Q

The arachnoid has may tiny fibers that connects the Dura Mater to the _____ Mater.

A

Pia

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29
Q

What seperates the Arachnoid Mater from the Pia Mater?

A

subarachnoid space

30
Q

What layer of meninges directly covers the surface of the brain, providing sustenance through lots of blood vessels?

A

Pia mater

31
Q

What fills the subarachnoid space between the Arachnoid and Pia Mater?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

32
Q

CSF is formed from ____ _____.

A

blood plasma

33
Q

CSF can also be found in the ______ canal.

A

central (middle of the spinal cord)

34
Q

CSF allows the CNS to float, protecting the brain and spinal cord from _______. It also contains the necessary chemical substance for normal functioning of nervous tissue, and removes ______ ______ from neurons.

A

shock; cellular waste

35
Q

The nerve tissue of the brain is split into the _____ and _____ matter.

A

gray; white

36
Q

Gray matter consists of interneurons that are _________; vs the white matter that consists of interneurons that are _______.

A

unmyelinated; myelinated

37
Q

In what matter of the brain does actual processing of signal happen, and connection of neurons?

A

gray matter

38
Q

What matter of the brain conducts signal to and from the other region?

A

white matter

39
Q

3 parts of the brain?

A

Forebrain; Midbrain; Hindbrain

40
Q

Regions of the forebrain?

A

Cerebrum; Diencephalon

41
Q

What is the outermost and largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

42
Q

The cerebrum is divided into what four lobes?

A

Frontal; Parietal; Temporal; Occipital

43
Q

What connects the right and left hemisphere of the brain?

A

corpus callosum - a bundle of white matter

44
Q

What is the fissure called that separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres?

A

longitudinal fissure

45
Q

What is the surface of the cerebrum called? Is it made out of white or gray matter?

A

cerebral cortex; gray matter

46
Q

The cerebral cortex has grooves called _____ and bulges called ______.

A

sulci; gyri

47
Q

The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher brain functions like ______ and using ______.

A

thinking; language

48
Q

What three structures form the diencephalon, the second part of the forebrain?

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland

49
Q

The thalamus is responsible for routing _____ ____ to the correct parts of the cerebral cortex.

A

sensory signals

50
Q

Hypothalamus and pineal gland are considered _______ glands.

A

endocrine

51
Q

Where does one find the midbrain?

A

Topmost part of the brain stem

52
Q

Midbrain is involved in reflex _____ to ______ and _____ info, muscle ______, reward - ______ and learning.

A

reactions to visual and auditory info; movement; reward - seeking

53
Q

What two structures make up the hindbrain?

A

Brain stem; cerebellum

54
Q

What two structures make up the brain stem?

A

medulla oblongata; pons

55
Q

The medulla oblongata can process involuntary body functions such as?

A

blood pressure; oxygen levels in the blood; reflexes

56
Q

What is the pons in charge of on the brain stem?

A

transporting signals to and from the cerebellum and between the upper regions of the brain.

57
Q

The cerebellum’s role is to _____ and ______ complex muscle activities and maintain ______ and _____.

A

control; coordinate; posture; balance

58
Q

The role of nerves in the PNS is to carry signals to and from the _____ _____ and the _____.

A

spinal cord; brain

59
Q

Name the 5 types of peripheral nerves.

A 
Efferent
Afferent
Interneurons
Spinal Nerves
Cranial Nerves
60
Q

Efferent neurons aka ______ neurons signal effector cells in muscles and glands to _____ to stimuli.

A

motor; react

61
Q

Afferent neurons aka _____ neurons take in innfo through the ______ _____ and _____.

A

sensory; sensory organs and receptors

62
Q

__________ transmit info the CNS, where it evaluated and compared to previous info, then discarded or used.

A

Interneurons

63
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? Pairs of: Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? Sacral? Coccygeal?

A

31; 8; 12; 5; 5; 1

64
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? They connect the brain to the ______ organs, ______ and GI tract to name a few.

A

12; sensory; heart

65
Q

What are the 2 parts of PNS?

A

Autonomic; Somatic

66
Q

The part of the PNS we can consciously control is the _______ NS and stimulates the ______ muscles.

A

somatic; skeletal

67
Q

The part of the PNS that cannot be consciously controlled is the _______ NS and it stimulates the _____ and _____ muscle, and well as ______ tissue.

A

autonomic; visceral; cardiac; glandular

68
Q

What 2 parts make up the Autonomic NS?

A

Sympathetic NS; Parasympathetic NS

69
Q

Your sympathetic NS is your _______ or ______; while the parasympathetic NS is your _____ and ______.

A

fight or flight; rest and digest

70
Q

Sympathetic ______ respiration and heart rate; ______ digestion; and releases ______ hormones.

A

increases; decreases; stress

71
Q

Parasympathetic stimulates _______ and _____ ______.

A

digestion; sexual arousal

72
Q

The ______ NS is responsible for the digestive system and it processes.

A

enteric

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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