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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system is responsible for ______, _____ , and _______ to information from both inside and outside of the body.

A

gathering, processing, reacting

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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3
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

The CNS is responsible for _____ and _____ info, and deciding appropriate actions and commands.

A

processing; storing

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5
Q

The PNS gathers info and transports it to the _____ and then transports commands from the CNS back to appropriate _______.

A

CNS; organs

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6
Q

In the PNS, what does the gathering and transporting of info, and what transports the commands to the appropriate organs?

A

sensory organs and nerves gather and transport info; efferent nerves transport commands

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7
Q

For example, efferent nerves could transport the signal for a muscle to ________.

A

contract

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8
Q

The nervous system is made up of nervous ______, and consists of two classes of cells: ______ and ______.

A

tissue; neurons; neralgia

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9
Q

________ are the nerve cell, divided up into distinct parts.

A

neurons

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10
Q

What is the body of the neuron, where most of the neurons cellular organelles exist?

A

soma

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11
Q

________ are the small, treelike structures that extend from the soma.

A

dendrites

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12
Q

What is the responsibility of dendrites?

A

They carry information to the soma, sometimes away from it.

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13
Q

From the soma also extends an ________, responsible for sending info from the soma, rarely to it.

A

axon

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14
Q

What is the place where two neurons meet either each other or other cells?

A

synapses

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15
Q

Neuroglia aka ______ cells.

A

glial

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16
Q

What are the maintenance cells for neurons?

A

neuroglia cells

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17
Q

Neuroglia cells ______ and _____ neurons.

A

protect; feed

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18
Q

What is the primary glial cell in the PNS?

A

schwann cell

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19
Q

What to schwann cells secrete that wraps around a neuron, allowing for quicker transmission of electric signal?

A

myelin - fatty substance

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20
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath that surround the neurons are called _____ of _____

A

nodes of ranvier

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21
Q

The brain is housed in the _____ cavity of the skull and the spinal cord is enclosed in the ______ cavity of the spine.

A

cranial; vertebral

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22
Q

The ______ serves as the control system for the NS, while the _____ _____ carries signals and processes reflexes to stimuli.

A

brain; spinal cord

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23
Q

The brain and spinal cord are vital to our survival and are protected by what two things?

A

meninges (3 layers) and cerebrospinal fluid

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24
Q

Name three layers of the meninges.

A

Dura Mater - Outermost
Arachnoid Mater - Middle
Pia Mater - Innermost

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25
The _____ _____ is the most durable part of meninges.
Dura Mater
26
The Dura Mater is made out of ______ ______, forming a space for the ________ _____ around the CNS.
collagen fibers; cerebrospinal fluid
27
The thin lining on the inside of the Dura Mater is called the _________ mater.
arachnoid
28
The arachnoid has may tiny fibers that connects the Dura Mater to the _____ Mater.
Pia
29
What seperates the Arachnoid Mater from the Pia Mater?
subarachnoid space
30
What layer of meninges directly covers the surface of the brain, providing sustenance through lots of blood vessels?
Pia mater
31
What fills the subarachnoid space between the Arachnoid and Pia Mater?
cerebrospinal fluid
32
CSF is formed from ____ _____.
blood plasma
33
CSF can also be found in the ______ canal.
central (middle of the spinal cord)
34
CSF allows the CNS to float, protecting the brain and spinal cord from _______. It also contains the necessary chemical substance for normal functioning of nervous tissue, and removes ______ ______ from neurons.
shock; cellular waste
35
The nerve tissue of the brain is split into the _____ and _____ matter.
gray; white
36
Gray matter consists of interneurons that are _________; vs the white matter that consists of interneurons that are _______.
unmyelinated; myelinated
37
In what matter of the brain does actual processing of signal happen, and connection of neurons?
gray matter
38
What matter of the brain conducts signal to and from the other region?
white matter
39
3 parts of the brain?
Forebrain; Midbrain; Hindbrain
40
Regions of the forebrain?
Cerebrum; Diencephalon
41
What is the outermost and largest part of the brain?
Cerebrum
42
The cerebrum is divided into what four lobes?
Frontal; Parietal; Temporal; Occipital
43
What connects the right and left hemisphere of the brain?
corpus callosum - a bundle of white matter
44
What is the fissure called that separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres?
longitudinal fissure
45
What is the surface of the cerebrum called? Is it made out of white or gray matter?
cerebral cortex; gray matter
46
The cerebral cortex has grooves called _____ and bulges called ______.
sulci; gyri
47
The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher brain functions like ______ and using ______.
thinking; language
48
What three structures form the diencephalon, the second part of the forebrain?
thalamus hypothalamus pineal gland
49
The thalamus is responsible for routing _____ ____ to the correct parts of the cerebral cortex.
sensory signals
50
Hypothalamus and pineal gland are considered _______ glands.
endocrine
51
Where does one find the midbrain?
Topmost part of the brain stem
52
Midbrain is involved in reflex _____ to ______ and _____ info, muscle ______, reward - ______ and learning.
reactions to visual and auditory info; movement; reward - seeking
53
What two structures make up the hindbrain?
Brain stem; cerebellum
54
What two structures make up the brain stem?
medulla oblongata; pons
55
The medulla oblongata can process involuntary body functions such as?
blood pressure; oxygen levels in the blood; reflexes
56
What is the pons in charge of on the brain stem?
transporting signals to and from the cerebellum and between the upper regions of the brain.
57
The cerebellum's role is to _____ and ______ complex muscle activities and maintain ______ and _____.
control; coordinate; posture; balance
58
The role of nerves in the PNS is to carry signals to and from the _____ _____ and the _____.
spinal cord; brain
59
Name the 5 types of peripheral nerves.
``` Efferent Afferent Interneurons Spinal Nerves Cranial Nerves ```
60
Efferent neurons aka ______ neurons signal effector cells in muscles and glands to _____ to stimuli.
motor; react
61
Afferent neurons aka _____ neurons take in innfo through the ______ _____ and _____.
sensory; sensory organs and receptors
62
__________ transmit info the CNS, where it evaluated and compared to previous info, then discarded or used.
Interneurons
63
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? Pairs of: Cervical? Thoracic? Lumbar? Sacral? Coccygeal?
31; 8; 12; 5; 5; 1
64
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? They connect the brain to the ______ organs, ______ and GI tract to name a few.
12; sensory; heart
65
What are the 2 parts of PNS?
Autonomic; Somatic
66
The part of the PNS we can consciously control is the _______ NS and stimulates the ______ muscles.
somatic; skeletal
67
The part of the PNS that cannot be consciously controlled is the _______ NS and it stimulates the _____ and _____ muscle, and well as ______ tissue.
autonomic; visceral; cardiac; glandular
68
What 2 parts make up the Autonomic NS?
Sympathetic NS; Parasympathetic NS
69
Your sympathetic NS is your _______ or ______; while the parasympathetic NS is your _____ and ______.
fight or flight; rest and digest
70
Sympathetic ______ respiration and heart rate; ______ digestion; and releases ______ hormones.
increases; decreases; stress
71
Parasympathetic stimulates _______ and _____ ______.
digestion; sexual arousal
72
The ______ NS is responsible for the digestive system and it processes.
enteric

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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