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TEAS TEST > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the muscular system is ________.

A

movement

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2
Q

The muscular system helps support _______ and creates _______.

A

posture/heat

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3
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle in the body.

A

Visceral (smooth)
Cardiac
Skeletal

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4
Q

Visceral muscle is the _______ type of muscle and is found in the _____, ______, and _____ _____.

A

weakest; stomach; intestines; blood vessels

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5
Q

Visceral and cardiac muscle are controlled by the ________ part of our brain.

A

unconcious

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle is only found in the _______ and is much _______ than visceral muscle.

A

heart; stronger

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7
Q

Cardiac muscle is made up of cells called __________.

A

cardiomyocytes

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8
Q

Cardiomyocytes are joined together by _____ _________. These allow the cells to contract in sync.

A

intercalated discs

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9
Q

What causes light and dark stripes in cardiac muscle when viewed under a microscope?

A

The arrangement of proteins.

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle is sometimes referred to as _______ muscle because of the way it appears under a microscope.

A

striated

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle is muscle that _______ and ______ by voluntary action.

A

contracts; relaxes

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12
Q

How does skeletal muscle attach to our bones? What are these made out of?

A

through tendons made out of connective tissue, rich in collagen fibers

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13
Q

Muscle cells are lumped together to form fiber structures, and they are covered by the cell membrane called the ________.

A

sarcolema

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14
Q

The sarcolemma tells muscle cells to do what?

A

to expand and contract by serving as a conductor for electrochemical signals

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15
Q

What helps the sarcolemma transfer electrochemical signals even deeper into the tissue?

A

transverse tubules

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16
Q

Where are calcium ions stored in the muscle?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a complex of membranes that form a network of _______ ______ ______.

A

interconnected hollow tubes

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18
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions during _______ and absorbs them during ______.

A

contraction; relaxation

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19
Q

What is the contractile subunit of the muscle fiber that extend from one end of the fiber to another?

A

myofibrils

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20
Q

Myofibrils are surrounded by the _______ ______.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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21
Q

Myofibrils are made up of _______.

A

sarcomeres

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22
Q

Sarcomeres are made up of precise arrangements of _____ and _____ filaments.

A

actin; myosin

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23
Q

Actin form the _____ filaments while myosin forms the ______ filaments.

A

thin; thick

24
Q

Sarcomeres are attached end to end throughout the length of the myofibril. The junction points, where each sarcomere meets, is called the ____ _____.

A

Z - line

25
Q

Why do myofibrils have a striped appearance?

A

the alternating thick and thin filaments

26
Q

Muscle contraction is based on the ______ _____ theory.

A

Sliding Filament

27
Q

When at rest, where to the actin and myosin filaments sit in the muscle?

A

Actin - sits at the end of the muscle

Myosin - resides towards the center of the muscle

28
Q

During contraction, myosin attaches to actin filaments and pulls them towards the _____ of the _______.

A

center of sarcomere

29
Q

During contraction, the entire sarcomere shortens because the acting filaments are sliding ______

A

inward

30
Q

A sarcomere is made up of different bands and zones. The ___ band are the thick myosin filaments, but they do not shorten during contraction.

A

A - band

31
Q

A sarcomere is made up of different bands and zones. The ___ band is between the thick, myosin filaments where only actin filaments are found.

A

I - Band

32
Q

The ___ - _____ is between the actin filaments, and it contains only thick myosin filaments.

A

H - Zone

33
Q

There are two types of skeletal muscle. Type I and II. Which type contracts slowly, and used for stamina and posture?

A

Type I

34
Q

Type I skeletal muscle produces energy from sugar using _____ _____ and is resistant to _____.

A

aerobic respiration; fatigue

35
Q

Type II skeletal muscle contract _______.

A

quickly

36
Q

Type II A skeletal muscle is found more in the _____ and larger muscle groups as it has more endurance than type B.

A

legs

37
Q

Type II B skeletal muscle is found more in smaller muscle groups such as the ____ as it does not have as much endurance as type II A.

A

arms

38
Q

Skeletal muscles work by contracting and shortening the length in the middle part of the muscle called the _____ _____.

A

muscle belly

39
Q

The stationary bone when moving is called the ______, while moving bone is called the _______.

A

origin; insertion

40
Q

The _____ is the muscle responsible for the action while the _______ does the opposite of the action.

A

agonist; antagonist

41
Q

When the elbow is flexed, the bicep is the _____ and the tricep is the _______.

A

agonist; antagonist

42
Q

What muscles help support the agonist, and stabilize and reduce unnecessary movement?

A

synergists

43
Q

What muscles help support to keep the origin stable?

A

fixators

44
Q 
Muscles can be named in many different ways. 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ of body
Number of \_\_\_\_\_
Bones to which they are \_\_\_\_\_\_
Function
Relative \_\_\_\_\_
A 
Region of body
Number of origins
Bones to which they are attached
Function
Relative Size
45
Q

________ contractions generate force by changing the length of the muscle while _______ contractions generate force without changing the length of the muscle.

A

isotonic; isometric

46
Q

The neurons that control muscles are called ______ ______.

A

motor neurons

47
Q

Motor neurons control muscle cell groups called ______ _____.

A

motor units

48
Q

The larger the muscle the ______ cells in the unit; the smaller the muscle, the _____ cells in the unit.

A

more; less

49
Q

There are 2 ways that muscles get energy. What are they?

A

Aerobic respiration; Lactic Acid fermentation

50
Q

What is the most effective way a muscle gets energy?

A

aerobic respiration

51
Q

Lactic Acid fermentation is a process that goes by _______ respiration. It is less effective and only used when blood cannot get to the muscle due to _______ contraction

A

anerobic; prolonged

52
Q

What is the goal of aerobic respiration and lactic acid fermentation?

A

to produce ATP from glucose

53
Q

The most important energy molecule in for our bodies is ______.

A

ATP

54
Q

Muscles also use other sources for energy. ______ stores oxygen and allows for aerobic respiration even when blood cannot get to the muscles.

A

Myoglobin

55
Q

Muscles also use other sources of energy. ______ ______ helps created energy by helping ATP be created by a donated phosphate group going to depleted ADP.

A

creatine phosphate

56
Q

What molecule is made out of glucose that helps muscles make ATP?

A

glycogen

57
Q

When a muscle is out of energy it is said to be _______. That means there is little to no oxygen, ATP, or glucose, and ____ _____ levels and ______ are high.

A

fatigued; lactic acid; ADP

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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