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ZOOT 1100 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of bones (5)

A

Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection of internal tissues/ organs, leverage

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2
Q

Dense or cortical, with a hard exterior layer
Almost forms the entire shaft

A

Compact bones

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3
Q

Spongy bones

A

Cancellous bones

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4
Q

Space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone

A

Medullary cavity /marrow cavity

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5
Q

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the joint of a bone

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

Membrane that covers the surface of a bone

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

Which location does periosteum not cover

A

Articular cartilage

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8
Q

Membrane that lines the marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

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9
Q

Bone-producing cells

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

For remodeling/ repair after fracture

A

Osteoblasts

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11
Q

Bone - destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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12
Q

In young animals, the medullary cavity is filled with a _____ which is gradually replaced by a _____ as it ages

A

Red marrow, yellow marrow

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13
Q

It function as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension

A

Long bones

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14
Q

Interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces

A

Short bones

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15
Q

Bones that contain air spaces/ sinuses

A

Pneumatic bones

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16
Q

Layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis that separates the diaphysis from epiphysis of an immature bone

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

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17
Q

Either end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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18
Q

Shaft of a long bone between two epiphyses

A

Diaphysis

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19
Q

Flared area adjacent to the epiphysis of a mature bonet

A

Metaphysis.

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20
Q

Area where the cortical bone become thinner

A

Metaphysis

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21
Q

Area in which a bone can increase in length

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

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22
Q

Maintains bone tissue

A

Osteocyte

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23
Q

Cuboid or approximately equal in all dimensions

A

Short bones

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24
Q

Bone protection of vital organs

A

Flat bones

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25
Q

Bones in neck, back, chest,head

A

Axial skeleton

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26
Q

Contain the middle and inner ears

A

Temporal bones

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27
Q

Supports the brain and pituitary gland

A

Sphenoid bone

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28
Q

Presents numerous openings for passage of the olfactory nerves

A

Ethmoid bone

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29
Q

Separates the nasal passages

A

Vomer bone

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30
Q

Bounded dorsally by the nasal bones

A

Nasal cavity

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31
Q

Contains all of the lower teeth and gives attachment to some of the muscles associated with chewing and swallowing

A

Mandible

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32
Q

Contain the teeth of the upper dental arcade

A

Maxilla and incisive bones

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33
Q

Animal with most cervical vertebrae

A

Chicken

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34
Q

First cervical vertebra

A

Atlas

35
Q

Second cervical vertebra

A

Axis

36
Q

Accommodate the large range of motion of the neck

A

Cervical vertebrae

37
Q

Well-developed spinous processes and articular facets for the ribs

A

Thoracic vertebrae

38
Q

Large, flat transverse process that project laterad

A

Lumbar vertebrae

39
Q

Fused to form a single wedge -shaped bone, the sacrum

A

Sacral vertebrae

40
Q

Forms the ventral part of the bony thorax

A

Sternum

41
Q

Gives attachment to the coastal cartilages of the ribs as well as providing a bony origin for the pectoral muscles

A

Sternum

42
Q

Cranial extremity of the sternum

A

Manubrium

43
Q

Middle portion of the sternum

A

Body

44
Q

Caudal extremity of the stemum

A

Xiphoid process

45
Q

Form the lateral walls of the bony thorax

A

Ribs

46
Q

Arm bone

A

Humerus

47
Q

Shoulder blade

A

Scapula

48
Q

Collarbone

A

Clavicle

49
Q

Bones of the true leg

A

Tibia and fibula

50
Q

Corresponds to the human ankle

A

Tarsus

51
Q

Rostal bone in swine

A

Os rostri

52
Q

Cardiac skeleton of bovine

A

Os cordis

53
Q

Penile bone in the canine family, also in gorilla and chimpanzee

A

Os penis

54
Q

Ads sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration

A

Os penis

55
Q

The thickest and strongest portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

56
Q

What role do collagen and glycosaminoglycans play in bone composition?

A

Provide resilience and toughness to bones

57
Q

They provide resilience and toughness to bones

A

Collagen and glycosiminoglycans

58
Q

2 main types of bone composition

A

Organic framework
Inorganic component

59
Q

Classifications of bones (6)

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Sesamoid bones
Pneumatic bones
Irregular bones

60
Q

Functions of sesamoid bones

A

Reduce friction
Increase leverage
Change the direction of pull

61
Q

Functions of long bones

A

Levers, aid in support, locomotion, and pretension

62
Q

Unpaired bones on the median plane

A

Irregular bones

63
Q

Bones that provide protection, support, and muscular attachment

A

Irregular bones

64
Q

3 divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial
Appendicular
Visceral

65
Q

Bones that make up the cranial part of the skull (7)

A

Occipital
Parietal
Interparietal
Frontal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

66
Q

What do temporal bones contain?

A

Middle and inner ears

67
Q

What is the role of the sphenoid bone

A

Supports brain and pituitary gland

68
Q

Function of ethmoid bone

A

Provide openings for the passage of olfactory nerves

69
Q

Bony socket that protects the eye

A

Orbit

70
Q

What is the orbit in skull

A

Bony socket the protects the eye

71
Q

What bones surround the orbit

A

Frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones

72
Q

Function of the vomer bone

A

Separates nasal passages

73
Q

Bony basis of the tail

A

Caudal vertebrae

74
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

75
Q

What is the difference between the radius and ulna in mammals in birds?

A

In mammals, radius is larger than ulna
In birds, radius is smaller than ulna

76
Q

Composed of two rows of small bones

A

Carpus

77
Q

Distal to the carpus

A

Metacarpus

78
Q

How many digits vary among species?

A

1-5

79
Q

Phalanges in horses

A

Proximal phalanx
Middle phalanx
Distal phalanx

80
Q

Coffin bone

A

Distal phalanx

81
Q

Bones that make up the pelvis

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

82
Q

Scroll-like bones that project into the nasal passage

A

Conchae

83
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do chickens have

A

14

84
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do domestic animals & humans have (except chicken)

A

7

ZOOT 1100 (16 decks)

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