Animal Housing Flashcards
Uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land are being farmed
Extensive farming
Higher levels of input and output per cubic unit of agricultural land area
Intensive farming
Different types of physical constructions that are put up in a farm for the purpose of livestock and crop production
Farm structures
Help increase efficiency of agricultural production
Farm structures
_____ normally live in herds but when giving birth, attempt to find a quiet, sheltered place away from the disturbance of others
Cattle
_____ spend considerable time in selection of a nest, which is on the ground
Hens
_____ are nest-builders and should be transferred to clean farrowing pens one to two weeks before giving birth, and given some bedding with which they can build a nest
Sows
Estrus, especially in _____, is sincreased by the smell, sight, and physical presence of a boar
Gilts
_____ prefer to be able to see while drinking
Cattle
_____ are vigilant and tight flocking, respond to disturbances by fleeing
Sheep
Balancing internal heat production and heat loss to the environment
Heat regulation
Acts as a body thermostat by stimulating mechanisms to counteract either high or low temperatures
Hypothalamus
Are more likely to suffer from heat stress in a hot climate
High-yielding animals
Feeding fiber-rich, low-digestible feedstuffs will result in _____
High-heat production
No change in phase [heat]
Sensible heat
Change in phase [heat]
Latent heat
A mean daily temperature in the range 10-20C
Comfort zone
_____ is much more sensitive to its thermal environment and requires higher teemperatures
Very young animals
_____ do not have sweat glands
Poultry
Excessively low humidity in the air will cause _____
Irritation of the mucus membranes
Excessively high humidity may promote _____ and
Growth of fungus infection and decay
Humidity should be kept in the range of _____
40-80%
_____ hair coat will absorb less radiant energy than a _____ one, but heat penetrates into a _____, loose coat
White, dark, white
The optimal ambient temperature for pigs weighing 75-120kg is ____
15C
_____ can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but should be protected from wind and rain
Sheep
Control the bad effect of environmental factors to provide comfort condition to the animals
Environmental controlled house
One of the major expenses in a farm
Labor control
Residential building meant for the person working in the farm
Farm house / homestead
Meant for housing the livestock
Farm buildings / farmstead
Meant for storage of feed materials as well as other farm products
Farm store
Basic structure to be put up in any construction work
Foundation
The broad base of the foundation wall designed to carry the load without settlement
Footing
The supporting structures built above the foundation to enclose the buildings
Walls
Provided for he purpose of protecting animals from the hot sun and rain; also protects the internal sructures
Roof
Simple roof with single slope adopted for shed type of buildings
Lean to type roof
Roof ventilation cannot be provided
Lean to type roof
Coupled roof with two slopes
Gable roof
Suitable for tropical buildings and it serves the purpose of ventilating and lighting the buiilding
Monitor type roof
Has 2 slopes but one overlap the other at the ridge of roof with ventilating gap of 1 feet
Semi monitor roof
An arched roof providing greater roof space used for store houses
Gothic arch
Roof type used to storage of feed
Gothic arch
The amount of time between the birth of a calf and the birth of a subsequent calf, both from the same cow
Calving interval
Meat from mature cattle
Beef
Feed mass; quantity of feed masticated and ready to be swallowed
Bolus
Sexually mature, intact, male bovine
Bull
Young bull grown and fattened in a similar manner to beef steer and heifers
Bullock
A young bovine animal, especially a domestic cow or bull in its first year
Calf
Prefix connected to sex, class and meat of carabao
Cara
Philippine water buffalo or swamp buffalo
Carabao
Meat of carabao above two years of age
Carabeef
Breeding male of carabao of any age
Carabull
Young male or female carabao under one year of age
Caracalf
Mature female carabao that has already dropped a calf
Caracow
Female carabao below two years of age which is usually ready for market
Caraheifer
General term for any class of animals belonging the bovine family
Cattle
Female bovine, usually after first pregnancy and parturition
Cow
Steers of dairy breeds grown and finished the same way as beef
Dairy beef
Animals that are used for work
Draft animal
Sexually mature female cattle that have not yet calved
Heifer
Large group of animals that live, feed, or migrate together or are kept together as livestock
Herd
The entire foot of the animals that has a horny covering
Hoof
Naturally hornless
Polled
An animal with a functional rumen in the stomach, plus three other compartments; cud chewing animals
Ruminant
Meat of a young cattle
Veal
Sexually mature male goat, deer, or rabbit
Buck
Meat of goat
Chevon
Mature female goat, deer, or rabbit that has already given birth
Doe
Ready-to-breed female goat which have not yet kidded
Doeling
Mature female sheep
Ewe
A young goat of either sex
Kid
The act of giving birth in goats
Kidding
Young sheep
Lamb
Mature male sheep
Ram
Straw, sawdust, shavings, or other bedding material is periodically placed in the resting area so that a mixture of bedding and manure build up in a thick layer
Deep-bedded sheds
A system where animals are kept loose except milking ad the time of treatment
Loose housing with free stalls
Animals are allowed to move freely and have free access over the whole area of the building or pen
Loose housing with free stalls
Allow the cow free head movement while lying down as well as standing up
Tie-stall sheds
The gate is designed so that the bull cannot lift it off its hinges, and there should be at least two exits where the herd worker can escape
Bull pens
Is the simplest and least expensive to install, but the milk must be carried by hand to the cooler
Bucket milking machine
Transports the milk through a pipe direct from the cow’s udder to the milk cooler
Pipeline milking
These sheds shall be used a maternity rooms for pregnant ewe or doe and are housed individually in these sheds
Lambing / kidding shed
Kept for breeding purpose are housed individually in these sheds
Rams / bucks shed
Any male pig castrated before sexual maturity
Barrow
Any sexually mature, intact (uncastrated) male pig
Boar
Removal or permanent alteration of the testicles of a male animal
Castration
The act of delivery or giving birth in swine
Farrowing
Any sexually mature female pig which has not yet bred and has not yet given birth
Gilt
Group of pigs born of a sow
Litter
General term for pigs by americans and usually refers to all pigs weighing more than 50kg
Hog
Broad term for a young swine which has not attained sexual maturity
Pig
Fresh meat or flesh of swine
Pork
Any sexually mature female pig which has already been bred and given birth
Sow
General term used to designate all classes/age of pig
Swine
Used for farrowing and ensuring the safety of piglets
Farrowing pen
Prevent the sow from lying on the piglets and the heat source to protect the piglets against chilliness
Farrowing pen
Contains a creep area where only the piglets can access creep feed
Farrowing pen
Where weaned pigs are kept
Weaners pen
Where breeding boars are kept
Boar pen
Used for keeping young female pigs up to the age of service
Gilts pen
Metal enclosure in which a farmed sow used for breeding may be kept during pregnancy
Gestation crate
A young chicken, of either sex, intended for meat production
Broiler
The tendency of a hen to nest or to behave as if it were incubating eggs
Broodiness
A male chicken grown for meat, castrated at about 6 weeks of age; distinguished by the underdeveloped comb and wattle
Capon
Young bird while in the downy stage
Chick
Sexually mature, intact male chicken with age of one year or older
Cock
Young male chicken with age of less than one year
Cockerel
Cottony feather; first hair covering of the chick
Down
Young of the duck family in the downy state of the plumage
Duckling
Group of chickens, turkeys, or sheep
Flock
Term applied to all poultry species, specifically to designate mature domestic cocks and hens
Fowl
A mature female chicken or turkey
Hen
The feathers of a fowl
Plumage
Ovariectomized pullet or layer
Poulard
Young of the domestic turkey, properly applied until sex can be distinguished, when they are called cockerels or pullets
Poult
Collective term for all domestic birds rendering/providing economic benefits to man; dressed carcass of a fowl
Poultry
Female fowl less than a year old
Pullet
Meat of pigeon; used for young pigeon that is grown for meat production
Squab
Used to brood and rear egg-type chicks from 0 to 8 weeks of age
Brooder / chick house
Used to grow egg-type birds from 9 to 18 weeks of age
Grower house
Birds are reared from 0 to 18 weeks of age
Brooders cum grower house
Birds over 18 weeks of age are reared, usually up to 72 weeks of age
Layer house
Broilers are reared up to 6 weeks of age
Broiler house
Entire environment is manipulated in such a way that is optimum for the birds growth
Environmentally controlled house
Birds are kept inside the house all the time
Deep litter system
Paddy husk, saw dust, ground nut hull, chopped paddy straw or wood shavings are used as litter materials
Deep litter system
Saves labor involved in frequent cleaning of fecal matter
Deep litter system
Involves rearing of poultry on raised wire netting floor in smaller compartment
Cage system
Iron rods or wood reapers are used as floor, usually 2-3 feet above the ground level to facilitate fall of droppings through slats
Slatted floor system
Holding birds more than 11 per cage
Colony cages
Meat of sheep
Mutton
