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ZOOT 1100 > Intro To Ethology & Animalwelfare > Flashcards

Intro To Ethology & Animalwelfare Flashcards

1
Q

The science of animal and comparative behavior

A

Ethology

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2
Q

Courses on innate, species-typical behaviors seen in nature and on how these behaviors adapt animals to their environment

A

Ethology

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3
Q

Concerned with the relationship between genes and behavior

A

Behavior genetics

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4
Q

Focus principally on learned behaviors

A

Experimental / comparative psychology

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5
Q

Focuses on the evolution of adaptive behavior in relation to the environment

A

Behavior ecology

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6
Q

Studies the dynamics of behavior in populations of animals - behavioral differences between individuals of the same species

A

Behavioral ecology

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7
Q

Concentrate on individuals or small groups

A

Classical ethology

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8
Q

Explains the mechanisms of behavior in terms of structure and functions of the nervous system

A

Neurobiology

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9
Q

Concentrates on neural mechanisms that underlie species-typical behaviors

A

Neuroethology

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10
Q

An intricate behavior that allows bees to communicate the location of a food source to other bees in the hive

A

“Dance” of bees

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11
Q

Consists of a series of actions triggered by a key stimulus; the pattern will go to completion even if the stimulus is removed

A

Fixed action patterns in vertebrae

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12
Q

Any stimulus that elicits a FAP (fixed action pattern)

A

Sign stimulus

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13
Q

Strongly exaggerated sign stimulus, will trigger a response way stronger than normal

A

Super sign stimulus

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14
Q

Has centered on aggression, which when not expressed at the cause of aggressive drive, is directed at another animal or at an inanimate object

A

Redirected behavior

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15
Q

Self-grooming, touching, or scratching, which is displayed when an animal has a conflict between two drives, such as the desire to approach an object, while at the same time being fearful of that object

A

Displacement behavior

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16
Q

Indicator of anxiety

A

Self-directed behavior

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17
Q

Describe how certain innate behaviors evolved into signals so that they function in communication

A

Ritualization

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18
Q

Relate specific behaviors to specific genes or group-genes

A

Behavior genetics

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19
Q

A measure that compares the amount of phenotypic variability that is due strictly to the variations in genes with the total amount of phenotypic variability in the population

A

Heritability

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20
Q

The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus

A

Habituation

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21
Q

Form of non-associative learning in which an innate response to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations that stimulus

A

Habituation

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22
Q

Repeated administration of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response

A

Sensitization

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23
Q

Enhancement d response to a whole class of stimuli in addition to the one that is repeated

A

Sensitization

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24
Q

A person or animal learns an association between two stimuli or events

A

Associative learning

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25
Q

A normal response to a stimulus becomes associated with a new stimulus, which then is also capable of eliciting the response

A

Classical conditioning

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26
Q

The sequence of events is contingent upon the behavior of the animal

A

Operant conditioning

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27
Q

Exploratory learning; an animal stores information about its environment that later can influence its behavior

A

Latent learning

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28
Q

The intuitive solution to a problem; most difficult type of learning to demonstrate conclusively in animals

A

Insight learning

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29
Q

One “sees the light”; solves a problem through insight only when it recognizes the relationships,

A

Aha experience

30
Q

Form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object

A

Imprinting

31
Q

Involves adaptive interactions among animals, especially among embers of the same species

A

Social behavior

32
Q

Exchanges of mutually recognizable signals

A

Communication

33
Q

Secreted chemical signal used to trigger a response in another individual of the same species

A

Pheromone

34
Q

Purpose is to attract opposite sex, raise an alarm, mark a food trail, or trigger other more complex behavior

A

Pheromone

35
Q

Elicit an immediate response, response is rapid and reliable; usually linked to sexual attraction

A

Releaser

36
Q

Takes longer to get a response; affect over time endocrine or neuroendocrine systems related to reproductive physiology or development

A

Primer

37
Q

Provide information regarding the individual

A

Signaler

38
Q

Can either alter or synchronize bodily functions; affect mood and emotion

A

Modulator

39
Q

Communication based on sound

A

Auditory communication

40
Q

Signals that can be seen

A

Visual communication

41
Q

Limited in range; play an important role in social relationships

A

Tactile communication

42
Q

Play a role in the survival of very young organisms

A

Tactile communication

43
Q

Form of animal social structures

A

Dominance hierarchies

44
Q

System of society ruled by a female

A

Matriarchy

45
Q

System of society riled by a male

A

Patriarchy

46
Q

Results from the behavioral exclusion of others from a specific place that is defended as territory

A

Territoriality

47
Q

Adaptive; tends to reduce conflict, control population growth

A

Territoriality

48
Q

Ensures that the male is a member of the same species, provides the female the opportunity to evaluate the quality of the male

A

Courtship

49
Q

A stable relationship between animals of the opposite sex that ensures cooperative behavior in mating and rearing of the young

A

Pair bond

50
Q

Component of sexual reproduction; increased survival of the offspring but with a reduction in the number of offspring that can be produced

A

Care of the young

51
Q

Means of practicing adult patterns of behavior and perfecting means of escape, prey killing, and even sexual conduct

A

Play

52
Q

Branch of philosophy which is concerned with the morality of an individual’s actions

A

Ethics

53
Q

Is the proposition that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility

A

Utilitarianism

54
Q

The but itself, to be moral, must have a pure intention behind it, regardless of the final consequences

A

Counter-utilitarian idea

55
Q

What matters is relative cost and benefit to us alone, treating animals well can serve us well

A

Contractarian

56
Q

Sentience is morally relevant so costs and benefits to people and animals must be weighed up; greatest good for the greatest number overall

A

Utilitarian

57
Q

Consequences for species not individuals

A

Respect for nature

58
Q

Animals’ intrinsic value as subjects of life confers the right to direct own lives and not be killed or used as a means to an end

A

Animal rights

59
Q

Mutually beneficial relationship - animals depend on us for food, and in return we use their products

A

Relational (care ethics)

60
Q

Animals’ dependence on us as caregivers obliges us to treat our animals well

A

Relational (care ethics)

61
Q

Known as deontological theories

A

Obligation-based theories

62
Q

Animals may be used as a means to an end; the animal’s value lies only in the consequences of its use

A

Consequentialist theories

63
Q

Five freedoms

A

Freedom from:
Hunger or thirst
Discomfort
Pain, injury, or disease
Fear and distress
Freedom to express normal behavior

64
Q

Set animal welfare standards to allay public concern and maximize benefits to people

A

Contractarian

65
Q

3 Rs

A

Replace
Reduce
Refine

66
Q

The use of animals with alternative techniques, or avoid the use of animals altogether

A

Replace

67
Q

The number of animals used to a minimum, to obtain information from fewer animals or more information from the same number of animals

A

Reduce

68
Q

The way experiments are carried out, to make sure animals suffer as little as possible

A

Refine

69
Q

For purpose of this act, animal welfare pertains to the physical and psychological well-being of animals

A

RA No. 8485 - animal welfare act of 1998
RA 10631

70
Q

It shall be the duty of any pet owner to provide in all cases adequate clean, and sanitary facilities for the safe conveyance and delivery. They shall provide sufficient food and water for such animals

A

RA No 8485
RA 10631 Sec. 4

71
Q

It shall be unlawful for any person to torture any animal, to neglect, or maltreat

A

RA No 8485
RA 10631 Sec 6

72
Q

It shall be unlawful to any person who has custody of an animal to abandon the animal

A

RA No. 8485
RA 10631 sec 7

ZOOT 1100 (19 decks)

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