Respiratory System Flashcards
Ventilation and gas exchange in the lungs
External respiration
Gas exchange between the blood and other tissues
Internal respiration
2 types of breathing
Costal (thoracic)
Abdominal (diaphragmatic)
Type of breathing occurring when more air is needed than movement of the diaphragm
Costal (thoracic)
Type of breathing occurring during ordinary quiet breathing
Abdominal (diaphragmatic)
Rapid, shallow breathing
Polypnea
Normal quiet respiration
Eupnea
Difficult breathing
Dyspnea
Absence or cessation of respiration
Apnea
Increase depth or rate of breathing or both
Hyperpnea
External openings of the respiratory tract
External nares
Mucous membrane investing the ethmoidal conchae
Olfactory epithelium
Articulates with the palatine process of the maxillary bone
Vomer
Air-filled cavities that communicate with the nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
A common soft tissue conduit for food and air, lying caudal to the oral and nasal cavities
Pharynx
Regulates the size of the airway and to protect it by closing to prevent substances other than the air from entering the trachea
Larynx
Organ of phonation (vocalization) - voice box
Larynx
Conducts air into the lungs
Bronchi
Bronchi that are too narrow to be supported by cartilage are known as
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles with alveoli
Respiratory bronchioles
Secondary bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Segmental bronchi
The process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
Movement of air in and out of alveoli
Alveolar ventilation
Mechanism to dissipate heat
Panting
Volume of air moved during each breath
Tidal volume
Upper airways that are not sites of gas exchange
Anatomic dead space
Includes the anatomic dead space and any alveoli in which normal gas exchanges cannot occur
Physiologic dead space
Total rate of air-flow into and out of the lungs
Minute ventilation rate
Rate of air flow into and out of the functioning alveoli
Alveolar ventilation rate
Organ of phonation (voice box) in avians
Syrinx
(Avian) blind-ended expansions to the respiratory tree the walls of which are composed of connective tissue covered externally by serosa
Air sacs
5 avian air sacs
Interclavicular
Cervical
Anterior thoracic
Poster thoracic
Abdominal
Avian air sac which lies in between the angle of two limbs of the furcular (wishbone)
Interclavicular
(Avian respiratory system) arises from the side of each lung
Anterior thoracic
(Arian air sacs) a large air sac from the distal end of each lung
Abdominal
Larynx of birds
Syrinx
