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ZOOT 1100 > Animal Nutrition > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

The science of feed preparation and feeding

A

Animal production

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2
Q

Science of nourishment of animals

A

Animal nutrition

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3
Q

Food constituents which are released by digestion from their combination in food and absorbed from the digestive tract

A

Nutrients

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4
Q

3 metabolic functions of nutrients

A
  1. To provide raw materials for the synthesis of body tissues and products
  2. To provide the energy which is needed for body tissue and animal product synthesis
  3. To regulate and facilitate the metabolism of other nutrients
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5
Q

Food of animals comprising of any naturally occurring ingredient or material fed to animals for the purpose of sustaining growth and development

A

Feed

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6
Q

A regulated selection of a feed ingredient or mixture of ingredients including water, which is consumed by animals on a prescribed schedule

A

Diet

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7
Q

Any of the feed items that a mixture is made of

A

Ingredients

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8
Q

An ingredient or a combination of ingredients added to the basic feed mixture for specific purpose

A

Additives

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9
Q

A fixed amount of feed for one animal

A

Ration

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10
Q

Major classes of nutrients

A

Water
Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipid
Minerals
Vitamins

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11
Q

Factors responsible for efficient animal production

A

Genetic potential
Nutritional status
Management

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12
Q

provides an animal with the proper amount, proportion, and variety of all the required nutrients

A

Balanced ration

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13
Q

A single feed mixture which has all of the dietary essentials except water

A

Complete ration

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14
Q

The gain in weight, produced by one kg or one lb of feed

A

Feed conversion efficiency

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15
Q

The amount of feed in kg or Ib necessary to produce one kg or Ib of weight gain

A

Feed conversion ratio

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16
Q

Unit of measurement used for calculating the amount of energy produced by various foods

A

Calorie

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17
Q

Poor quality feeds containing lesser amount of total digestible nutrients

A

Forage / roughage

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18
Q

It contains little amount (less than 1%) of crude fiber and more than 60% total digestible nutrient

A

Concentrate

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19
Q

The most important dietary essential nutrient

A

Water

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20
Q

Cheapest and most abundant nutrient

A

Water

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21
Q

An essential constituent of the animal body

A

Water

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22
Q

An essential part of foodstuff; makes the food soft and palatable

A

Water

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23
Q

Functions of water

A
  • Regulating body temperature
  • absorption and transportation
  • Excretion of waste product
  • solvent
  • maintains acid-base balance
  • cushion
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24
Q

4 sources of water

A

Drinking water
Feed
Metabolic /oxidation water
Bound water

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25
Q

Water produced due to metabolism of nutrients

A

Metabolic / oxidation water

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26
Q

Water combined with the constituents of protoplasm by either physical or chemical means

A

Bound water

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27
Q

3 factors affecting water requirement

A

Environment
Dietary factor
Animal factor

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28
Q

Serve as both structural and reserve material in the plant

A

Carbohydrates

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29
Q

The carbohydrate present in animal body

A

Animal starch / glycogen

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30
Q

Called nitrogen free extract and include simple sugar, starch and hemicellulose, which are easily digestible in the body

A

Soluble carbohydrates

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31
Q

Include hard fibrous substance like crude fiber, cellulose, and lignin

A

Insoluble carbohydrates

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32
Q

Serve as a major source of energy in animal body

A

Carbohydrates

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33
Q

Essential components of production, temperature control and proper functioning of the different parts of the animal body

A

Carbohydrates

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34
Q

Helpful in absorption of Ca an P in younger animals

A

Carbohydrates

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35
Q

Required for the lubrication of joints

A

Lipids

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36
Q

Help the secretion of digestive juices in gastrointestinal tract

A

Carbohydrates

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37
Q

Provide suitable environment for the growth of rumen bacteria and Protozoa

A

Carbohydrates

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38
Q

Help in peristaltic movement of food

A

Carbohydrates

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39
Q

Maintain due glucose level of plasma

A

Carbohydrates

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40
Q

Play a key role in the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids

A

Carbohydrates

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41
Q

Component of hemicellulose and gum present in silage

A

L-arabinoses

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42
Q

Form the main chain in grass hemicellulose

A

D-xylose

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43
Q

Found naturally in fruits

A

D-mannose

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44
Q

Constituent of disaccharide lactose

A

Galactose

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45
Q

Carbohydrates which contain less than ten monosaccharide residues

A

Sugars

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46
Q

Widely distributed in nature and occurs in most of the plants

A

Sucrose

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47
Q

Occurs in milk only as a product of mammary gland

A

Lactose

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48
Q

Produced during the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen by dilute acids or enzymes or during the germination of barley

A

Maltose

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49
Q

A reducing sugar

A

Cellobiose

50
Q

Reserve materials in most plants

A

Starch

51
Q

Reserve in the liver and muscles, main carbohydrate storage product in the animal body and plays an essential role in energy metabolism

A

Glycogen

52
Q

Intermediate products of the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen

A

Dextrins

53
Q

It is glucan and is the most abundant plant constituent; fermented in the rumen by the microbial enzymes and produces volatile fatty acids

A

Cellulose

54
Q

Reserve material in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds

A

Fructosans

55
Q

Found in peel of citrus fruits, sugar beet pulp

A

Pectin

56
Q

Posses gelling properties

A

Pectinic acid

57
Q

Major constituent of exoskeleton of insects and Crustacea

A

Chitin

58
Q

Plant component; are much less resistant to chemical agents than cellulose

A

Hemicellulose

59
Q

May arise as natural exudates from bark and leaves

A

Gum Arabic

60
Q

Sulphate polysaccharides; found as constituents of seaweeds and in mammalian tissues

A

Agar

61
Q

An anticoagulant I occur in blood, liver, and lung

A

Heparin

62
Q

Process glycogen, glucose, galactose, and fructose are broken down to pyruvic acid and lactic acid in the absence of molecular oxygen

A

Glycolysis

63
Q

Conversion of the two pyruvic acid molecules into two molecules of acetyl coenzyme A

A

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

64
Q

The process of degradation of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate

A

Glycogenolysis

65
Q

Are complex organic nitrogenous compounds made up of amino acids

A

Proteins

66
Q

Main function is to supply energy to the animal body

A

Lipids

67
Q

Form muscles and tissues of the body

A

Proteins

68
Q

Form muscles and tissues of the body

A

Proteins

69
Q

Help in maintaining the loss of body tissues and muscles

A

Proteins

70
Q

Help in the formation of enzymes, hormones, antigen, antibody, digestive juices of the body and regulate body osmotic pressure and acid- base balance

A

Proteins

71
Q

Help in the repair of body cello as well as for the production of new cells

A

Proteins

72
Q

Provide the basic cellular matrix within which the bone mineral matter is deposited

A

Proteins

73
Q

Proteins that are insoluble and very resistant to animal digestive enzymes

A

Fibrous proteins

74
Q

Composed of simple protein combined with some non-protein substances as prosthetic group

A

Conjugated proteins

75
Q

Reserved source of energy to the animal body

A

Lipids

76
Q

Decrease in bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

77
Q

Paturient paresis; calcium tetany

A

Milk fever

78
Q

Plays an important role in Ca and P metabolism for the formation of bone and teeth

A

Magnesium

79
Q

Plays an important role for the neuromuscular activity of the body

A

Magnesium

80
Q

Found in the cells; excess in the body interferes with the absorption and metabolism of magnesium

A

Potassium

81
Q

Required for the formation of hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice

A

Chlorine

82
Q

Useful in blood clotting and endocrine function

A

Sulfur

83
Q

Acts as catalyst in the formation of hemoglobin and provides oxygen absorption power to red blood cells

A

Copper

84
Q

Necessary for normal pigmentation of hair, fur, wool, and skin

A

Copper

85
Q

Necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland

A

Iodine

86
Q

Forms the essential part of the enzyme and plays an important role in the synthesis of vitamin B12 in rumen

A

Cobalt

87
Q

Important for the proper growth of body and development of hairs and keratinization of epithelial tissues

A

Zinc

88
Q

Essential part of insulin hormone; plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates

A

Zinc

89
Q

Plays a key role in both cell and antibody mediated immune responses

A

Zinc

90
Q

Plays important role for the bone development and vital nutrient in the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate which is the organic matrix of the bone

A

Manganese

91
Q

Important for normal growth, reproduction, egg production, and for the prevention of perosis among poultry

A

Manganese

92
Q

Helps in detoxifying free oxygen radicals

A

Manganese

93
Q

Reduces the incidence of dental caries

A

Fluorine

94
Q

Essential for the growth and proper development of the bones and teeth

A

Fluorine

95
Q

Essential for growth, reproduction, prevention of various disease and protection of the integrity of tissues

A

Selenium

96
Q

Essential for prostaglandin synthesis and essential fatty acid metabolism

A

Selenium

97
Q

Helpful in the transmission of light stimuli from the eye to the brain

A

Vitamin A

98
Q

Reduces oxidation of citric acid

A

Vitamin D

99
Q

Numbness of the legs

A

Beriberi

100
Q

Poor appetite and polyneuritis which is characterized by nerve degeneration paralysis

A

Beriberi

101
Q

A specific symptom caused by peripheral nerve degeneration

A

Curled toe paralysis

102
Q

Inflammation of the mouth and the upper part esophagus

A

Black tongue

103
Q

Disease characterized by poor growth, poor hair and skin condition, occasional vomiting and diarrhea

A

Pellagra

104
Q

Encountered in young birds whose diet is deficient in Mn

A

Perosis

105
Q

The factor protective against “egg white injury”

A

Biotin

106
Q

Essential in collagen formation

A

Vitamin C

107
Q

Aids in the conversion of folic acid

A

Vitamin C

108
Q

Process of converting food into the energy that allows body to function

A

Metabolism

109
Q

Constructive process in metabolism

A

Anabolism

110
Q

Destructive process in metabolism

A

Catabolism

111
Q

Study of hormones that regulate metabolism

A

Metabolic endocrinology

112
Q

Removal of nitrogen-containing amino groups

A

Deamination

113
Q

Reduces the rate of live gluconeogenesis and mobilizing of fatty acid from adipose tissue

A

Glucocorticoids

114
Q

Increase in blood ketones

A

Ketosis

115
Q

The disease is characterized by poor growth, poor hair and skin condition, occasional vomiting and diarrhea in swine

A

Pellagra

116
Q

Nerve disease characterized by movement of hind leg become stiff and jerky, exaggerated legs in swine

A

Goose stepping

117
Q

Is encountered in young birds whose diet is deficient in manganese

A

Perosis or chondrodystrophy

118
Q

Factor protective against “egg white injury”

A

Biotin

119
Q

Can be synthesized in the liver from methionine

A

Choline

120
Q

Essential for collagen formation

A

Vitamin C

ZOOT 1100 (19 decks)

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