Skeletal system Flashcards
3 long terms effects on the musculoskeletal system
Body shape change
Increased tolerance to lactic acid
Stronger and thicker tendons
Increased flexibility
Increased bone strength and density
3 short term effects on the musculoskeletal system
Lactic acid build up
Dehydration
Increased CO2 production
Increased body temp
what are the flat bones in your body
ilium
ischium
pelvis
cranium
maxilla
mandible
scapula
patella
what are the irregular bones in your body
vertabrae
mandible
what are the short bones in your body
carples
tarsals
what are the long bones in your body
radius
ulna
humerus
femur
tibia
fibula
metacarples
metatarsals
phalanges
what are short bones
bones roughly same size in thickness, length and width
what are long bones
bones that are longer than they are wide, have a shaft and two ends
what are flat bones
bones that protect vital organs and have a good surface for muscle attachment
what are irregular bones
bones that have odd shapes and perform a range of functions
what makes up the vertebral column
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
how many bones are in the cervical
7
how many bones are in the thoracic
12
how many bones are in the lumbar
5
how many bones are in the sacrum
5
how many bones are in the coccyx
4
what are the functions of the skeleton
protecting vital organs
muscle attachment
joints for movement
storing calcium and phosphorus
red and white blood cell production
explain protecting vital organs
cranium protects brain
vertebrae protect spinal chord
ribs protect internal organs e.g lungs
explain muscle attachment
bones provide a strong point for muscles to attach to via tendons
explain joints for movement
allow gross and fine movement and work with bones and muscles to form levers
explain storing calcium and phosphorus
bones store calcium and phosphorus which help develop and maintain strong and healthy bones
phosphorus also helps reduce muscle pain
explain red and white blood cell production
hollow centres in bones contain bone marrow which makes blood cells and responds to your activity so you’re in good shape
what is a joint
where two or more bones meet and are used for movement and rotation
what are the types of joint
hinge
ball and socket
pivot
condyloid
hinge joints
found in elbow, knee and ankle
move backwards and forwards
ball and socket joints
found in shoulder and hip
perform 360 degree rotation
pivot joints
found in neck
rotate side to side
condyloid joints
found in wrist
perform circular motion
what are the types of movement
abduction
adduction
extension
flexion
rotation
circumduction
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
abduction
ball and socket joint
pulls towards body’s midline
adduction
ball and socket joint
pulls away from body’s midline
extension
all joints
straightening movement that increases angle between body parts
flexion
all joints
bending movement that decreases angle between body parts
rotation
ball and socket and pivot
movement around a single axis or pivot joint
circumduction
ball and socket
movement in a circular or conical shape
dorsiflexion
ankle
bending or flexing toes up, closer to the shin
plantar
ankle
extending or pointing toes down, away from shin
explain ossification
bones start as cartilage which is a strong connective tissue
bones then grow and are hardened by calcium and minerals
define ossification
development from cartilage to bone
what are tendons
non elastic fibres that connect muscle to bone
what are ligaments
elastic fibres that connect bone to bone
