Skeletal system

Question 1

3 long terms effects on the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

Body shape change
Increased tolerance to lactic acid
Stronger and thicker tendons
Increased flexibility
Increased bone strength and density

Question 2

3 short term effects on the musculoskeletal system

Answer 2

Lactic acid build up
Dehydration
Increased CO2 production
Increased body temp

Question 3

what are the flat bones in your body

Answer 3

ilium
ischium
pelvis
cranium
maxilla
mandible
scapula
patella

Question 4

what are the irregular bones in your body

Answer 4

vertabrae
mandible

Question 5

what are the short bones in your body

Answer 5

carples
tarsals

Question 6

what are the long bones in your body

Answer 6

radius
ulna
humerus
femur
tibia
fibula
metacarples
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 7

what are short bones

Answer 7

bones roughly same size in thickness, length and width

Question 8

what are long bones

Answer 8

bones that are longer than they are wide, have a shaft and two ends

Question 9

what are flat bones

Answer 9

bones that protect vital organs and have a good surface for muscle attachment

Question 10

what are irregular bones

Answer 10

bones that have odd shapes and perform a range of functions

Question 11

what makes up the vertebral column

Answer 11

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

Question 12

how many bones are in the cervical

Answer 12

7

Question 13

how many bones are in the thoracic

Answer 13

12

Question 14

how many bones are in the lumbar

Answer 14

5

Question 15

how many bones are in the sacrum

Answer 15

5

Question 16

how many bones are in the coccyx

Answer 16

4

Question 17

what are the functions of the skeleton

Answer 17

protecting vital organs
muscle attachment
joints for movement
storing calcium and phosphorus
red and white blood cell production

Question 18

explain protecting vital organs

Answer 18

cranium protects brain
vertebrae protect spinal chord
ribs protect internal organs e.g lungs

Question 19

explain muscle attachment

Answer 19

bones provide a strong point for muscles to attach to via tendons

Question 20

explain joints for movement

Answer 20

allow gross and fine movement and work with bones and muscles to form levers

Question 21

explain storing calcium and phosphorus

Answer 21

bones store calcium and phosphorus which help develop and maintain strong and healthy bones
phosphorus also helps reduce muscle pain

Question 22

explain red and white blood cell production

Answer 22

hollow centres in bones contain bone marrow which makes blood cells and responds to your activity so you’re in good shape

Question 23

what is a joint

Answer 23

where two or more bones meet and are used for movement and rotation

Question 24

what are the types of joint

Answer 24

hinge
ball and socket
pivot
condyloid

Question 25

hinge joints

Answer 25

found in elbow, knee and ankle
move backwards and forwards

Question 26

ball and socket joints

Answer 26

found in shoulder and hip
perform 360 degree rotation

Question 27

pivot joints

Answer 27

found in neck
rotate side to side

Question 28

condyloid joints

Answer 28

found in wrist
perform circular motion

Question 29

what are the types of movement

Answer 29

abduction
adduction
extension
flexion
rotation
circumduction
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion

Question 30

abduction

Answer 30

ball and socket joint
pulls towards body’s midline

Question 31

adduction

Answer 31

ball and socket joint
pulls away from body’s midline

Question 32

extension

Answer 32

all joints
straightening movement that increases angle between body parts

Question 33

flexion

Answer 33

all joints
bending movement that decreases angle between body parts

Question 34

rotation

Answer 34

ball and socket and pivot
movement around a single axis or pivot joint

Question 35

circumduction

Answer 35

ball and socket
movement in a circular or conical shape

Question 36

dorsiflexion

Answer 36

ankle
bending or flexing toes up, closer to the shin

Question 37

plantar

Answer 37

ankle
extending or pointing toes down, away from shin

Question 38

explain ossification

Answer 38

bones start as cartilage which is a strong connective tissue
bones then grow and are hardened by calcium and minerals

Question 39

define ossification

Answer 39

development from cartilage to bone

Question 40

what are tendons

Answer 40

non elastic fibres that connect muscle to bone

Question 41

what are ligaments

Answer 41

elastic fibres that connect bone to bone