classification of skills, practice structures, guidance, feedback and goal setting Flashcards
what is a skill
a learned ability to bring about the result you want, with maximum certainty and efficiency
what is a closed skill
take place in a stable environment, not affected by the environment, movements follow set patterns with a clear start and finish and they tend to be self paced
3 examples of closed skills
penalty in football
forward roll
throwing a javelin
what is an open skill
takes place in a changing environment and the player has to adapt to surroundings, often in a competitive situation
3 examples of open skills
rugby tackle
sailing a boat
saving a goal
what is a basic skill
one that is easy and requires little concentration
3 examples of basic skills
running 100m
cycling
throwing a ball
what is a complex skill
a skills that requires complete attention and concentration as they’re technically difficult and need to be practised over and over
3 examples of complex skills
performing a vault
sailing
serving in tennis
what is a low organisation skill
a skill with clear, simple parts that can be easily broken down and practised separately
3 examples of low organisation skills
tennis serve
dance routine
breast stroke
what is a high organisation skill
a skill that has lots of complicated phrases or parts which cannot be broken down or practised separately as they are closely linked together
3 examples of high organisation skills
somersault
golf swing
cycling
what is a practice structure
something that needs to be planned based on skill, ability, fitness, experience and ability
practice depends on skills developed, age, ability and session objectives
explain a fixed practice structure
the same skill practised repeatedly in the same way, over and over, until perfect
often used for drills, closed skills, new skills and less experienced players
when would you use a fixed structure
serve in tennis
golf swing
penalty kick
what is a variable practice structure
when a skill is practised in a variety of situations, allowing adaptation to suit different unpredictable and changing conditions
often used with open skills, competitive games, conditioned games and more experienced players
when would you use a variable structure
hockey tackle
dodging in netball
invasion games
what is a massed practice structure
when a skill is repeated continuously over long periods of time without any breaks
often used with low organisation skills, basic skills, and more experienced players in order to improve fitness and hone technique
when would you use massed practice
running
swimming
cycling
what is distributed practice structure
when a skill is practised with breaks to allow for feedback, rest or mental rehearsal
often used with new skills, complex skills and less motivated players
what is visual guidance
when you are shown a demonstration with visual aids
used for beginners / inexperienced players
advantages of visual guidance
you can copy the movement
can be done in groups - multiple people can see it in one go so no need for repetition
disadvantages of visual guidance
if the demo is poor / inaccurate, it could result in it being learnt and performed incorrectly
time consuming / expensive if using videos
what is verbal guidance
when it is explained in words, to emphasise specific points and how it should feel
used for high level performers
advantages of verbal guidance
instructions can be given quickly and in detail
can explain the why and how
can be used during performance
no equipment needed
disadvantages of verbal guidance
some movements are difficult to explain, especially for beginners
relies upon coaches communication skills being good
what is manual guidance
when you get moved into the correct position to feel how the movement should be done
used for beginners
advantages of manual guidance
performers can get a feel for the movement
builds confidence
can help break it down into phases
disadvantages of manual guidance
feeling it is not the same as doing it unaided
incorrect feel can lead to doing it wrong
can only be used 1:1
performers can become reliant on it
difficult in big groups
what is mechanical guidance
when you use equipment to perform a skill
advantages of mechanical guidance
performers can get a feel for the movement
builds confidence
reduces danger
disadvantages of mechanical guidance
feeling it is not the same as doing it unaided
incorrect feel can lead to doing it wrong
can only be used 1:1
performers can become reliant on it
difficult in big groups
can be expensive
what do coaching methods depend on
personality and learning style
specific skill / sport
facilities available
what is intrinsic feedback
feedback that comes from the performer as they think about how they performed or what they contributed
can affect motivation so it is important that they think they performed well and do it again
best suited to experienced players as a novice won’t have the knowledge needed in comparison to the coach
what is extrinsic feedback
comes from an outside source e.g coach, teammates or friends
important as it will motivate them to improve and continue
best suited to beginners / novices
what is concurrent feedback
given during performance e.g coach on sidelines
feedback can be acted on immediately
what is terminal feedback
feedback given at the end of a game / performance
benefit of being more reflective and can give an overview
what is quantitative data
data measure in amounts
often set out in charts, graphs or tables
e.g number of successful and unsuccessful netball shots
what is qualitative data
looking at people’s opinions or how they feel
what is an ability
something seen as natural or inherited
what does the ‘S’ stand for in goal setting
specific
goal has to be clear, focused on one area and is sport and position specific
what does the ‘M’ stand for in goal setting
measurable
a way of checking to see if you have improved and if you are getting closer to your goals which is motivating to see
what does the ‘A’ stand for in goal setting
achievable
is the goal within the performers capability as if it isn’t then it may be demotivating
what does the ‘R’ stand for in goal setting
realistic
can you achieve it in a given time frame and do you have the resources available
what does the ‘T’ stand for in goal setting
time bound
do you have enough time and a cutoff point for your goal
what is a quantifiable outcome
an outcome that has a number to it
