levers, planes, axis + drugs Flashcards
what is a plane
an imaginary line dividing the body in two
what is a frontal plane
divides the body vertically into front and back - like a sheet of glass infront and behind you
what movement does a frontal plane allow
sideways movements e.g cartwheel
what is a sagittal plane
divides body vertically into left and right - like a sheet of glass either side
what type of movement does a sagittal plane allow
front and back movement e.g forwards roll
what is a transverse plane
divides body horizontally to top and bottom - like a sheet of glass above and below you
what type of movement does a transverse plane allow
twisting movement e.g full twist
what is an axis
an imaginary line in which the body or body parts turn
what is a vertical axis
a line from top to bottom
what type of movement does a vertical axis allow
twisting movement e.g full twist
what is a frontal axis
a line from side to side
what type of movement does a frontal axis allow
forwards and backwards movement e.g forwards roll
what is a sagittal axis
a line from front to back (through belly button)
what type of movement does a sagittal axis allow
sideways movement e.g cartwheel
what planes and axis go together
frontal axis and sagittal plane
sagittal axis and frontal plane
vertical axis and transverse plane
what do levers allow
they allow the body to make physical work easier e.g lifting heavy loads
what is a lever
a rigid bar that moves around a fixed point (pivot) with two forces applied (load and effort)
what is a fulcrum / pivot
a fixed point
what is an effort
a source of energy to do work
what is a load
the weight / resistance to be moved
what is a first class lever
like a see-saw
pivot on the middle with effort on one side and load on the other
first class levers in the body (inc. pivot, load and effort)
lifting head (pivot - vertabrae, load - head, effort - trapezius)
tricep dip (pivot - elbow, load - hand, effort - where the tricep attaches to the elbow)
only at the neck and elbow extension
what is a second class lever
like a wheel barrow
pivot at one end then the load in the middle going down and the effort at the other end going up
second class levers in the body (inc. pivot, load and effort)
plantar flexion (pivot - toes, load - body weight, effort - gastrocnemius)
only place
what is a third class lever
like pulling in a heavy place
pivot at one end, effort in the middle going up and load at the other end going down
third class levers in the body (inc. pivot, load and effort)
bicep curl (pivot - elbow, load - hand, effort - where bicep attaches to radius and ulna)
all other places in the body
what is a mechanical advantage
if the effort arm is longer than the load arm as it doesn’t require a lot of effort to move the load but you don’t get much force created
what is a mechanical disadvantage
if the load arm is longer than the effort arm as it requires more effort to move the load however the force created is greater
third class lever is always a mechanical disadvantage
