injuries Flashcards
what is a simple fracture
a fracture where the bone breaks but there is no puncture to the skin
takes place in a line
how does a simple fracture occur
usually from a blow e.g severe twist
symptoms of simple fracture
pain at site of injury, inability to move, very tender, swelling, deformity of limb, hear bone break
what is a compound fracture
where the broken bone protrudes through the skin
more serious due to infection
how does a compound fracture occur
usually from a collision e.g fall in gymnastics or rugby tackle
symptoms of a compound fracture
pain at site of injury, inability to move, very tender, swelling, deformity of limb, hear bone break, can see bone
what is a greenstick fracture
bone only partly broken - bone buckles
common at wrist
common in children whose bones are still soft
how does a greenstick fracture occur
e.g running relays or using walls to turn
symptoms of greenstick fracture
pain at site of injury, inability to move, very tender, swelling, deformity of limb
what is a stress fracture
due to overuse
muscles to fatigued and unable to absorb shock
linked to osteoporosis and eating disorders
how do stress fractures occur
too much increase in training
no rest days
playing on unfamiliar surfaces
common on weight bearing areas e.g back
symptoms of stress fracture
pain at site of injury, inability to move, very tender, swelling, deformity of limb
what is a dislocation
where a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position
how does a dislocation occur
occurs from a hard hit where bone is displaced
symptoms of dislocation
deformity, swelling, joint locked out of place, pain, associated fracture
what is a sprain
damage to ligament
how does a sprain / twist occur
twist is common in invasion games
occurs when stretching too far past normal range of joint
can occur when twisting or colliding
symptoms of sprain
pain, swelling, discolouration, inability to walk if on ankle
what is a strain
a twist, pull or tear of tendon or muscle
common in back of hamstring in team sports
symptoms of a strain
sharp pain, popping sensation, bruising, inability to use muscle
what is tennis elbow
happens when stretching or tearing muscles / tendons
happens on the outside of elbow
e.g racquet with wrong grip
symptoms of tennis elbow
pain and warmth
what is golfers elbow
happens when stretching or tearing muscles / tendons
happens on inside of elbow
symptoms of golfers elbow
pain and warmth
what is torn cartilage and how does it occur
cartilage absorbs impact and damage is often due to wear + tear from long term overuse
common in knee
symptoms of torn cartilage
clicking or catching sensation, popping, pain
what is an abrasion
caused by friction on the skin against rough surface
e.g falling over on an artificial pitch in hockey
symptoms of abrasions
visible graze, keep clean to prevent infection and clean with a sterile wipe and antiseptic cream
what is a concussion
mild head / brain injury
how does a concussion occur
caused by a blow to the head or shake of the brain
common in contact sports where you easily clash / bang heads
symptoms of a concussion
headaches, weakness, dizziness, confusion, nausea, unconsciousness, seek medical advice and monitoring
what is rice
a way to treat minor injuries that prevents them from getting worse
what does rice stand for
rest - stop training
ice - apply something cold to reduce pain and swelling
compression - use pressure to hold ice to limit pain and swelling
elevation - raise injury above heart to minimise swelling
what is PAR-Q
a self screening tool used by people planning to start exercise to find out if anyone has underlying health issues before starting training
how do you reduce risk in sport
par-q - physical readiness
warm up and cool down
playing by the rules
protective equipment and clothing
checking equipment and facilities
correct use of principles of training
examples of protective equipment and clothing
mouthguard - rugby
gloves - boxing
squash - glasses
mats - gymnastics
helmet - cricket
skates - iceskating
spikes - track
studs - football
