Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Functions of the CV system
Transport
Blood clotting
Body temp and regulation
Explain transport in CV system
heart pumps oxygen round body
body transports nutrients
CV system removed waste products
Explain blood clotting in CV system
platelets clot blood by forming a mesh as they contain thrombokinase
3 types of blood vessels
artery, vein, capillary
features of an artery
thick walls
small lumen
carry high pressure blood
blood away from heart
oxygenated blood
features of a vein
thin walls
large lumen
blood towards heart
low pressure
deoxygenated
contain valves
features of a capillary
very small lumen
one cell thick walls
link arteries and veins
very low pressure
oxygenated blood at one end deoxygenated at the other
define a blood vessel
how blood travels round the body
what is vascular shunting
process thag increased blood flow to active areas via vasodilation and vasoconstriction
define blood pressure
the pressure of blood against the walls of your heart
what is the top number on you blood pressure
systole - when heart contracts
whats the bottom number of blood pressure
diastole - when you heart muscles relax
what are the components of blood
plasma
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells
what are red blood cells
concave shape
contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
what are white blood cells
help fight infection
what are platelets
help clot blood as they contain thrombokinase
what is plasma
contains nutrients and minerals such as calcium and glucose
heart rate
number of times heart beats per minute
adrenaline
hormone that makes heart beat faster and causes blood to be diverted from organs to muscles
blood pressure
force exerted by blood on blood vessels
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out of the heart in a single beat
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 min
heart rate x stroke volume
shunting
moving blood to where it is needed most
recovery rate
rate at which the heart reat returns to resting levels after exercise
formula for maximum heart rate
220 - age
3 short term effects on CV system
increased heart rate
increased stroke volume
increased blood pressure
increased cardiac output
3 long terms effects on CV system
cardiac hypertrophy
increased maximum cardiac output
increased number of red blood cells
increased stroke volume
decrease in resting heart rate
decrease in resting BP
explain body temp and regulation in the CV system
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
