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HOE > Skeletal-Joint Exam > Flashcards

Skeletal-Joint Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Bones are inadequately mineralized causing soft, weakened bones, caused by insufficient calcium in the diet or by vitamin D deficiency

Symptoms: pain, when weight if put on affected bone

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1
Q

Define bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa, caused by a blow or friction

Symptoms: pain, swelling

Treatment: anti-inflammatory drugs

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2
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Group of diseases, bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, spongy bone of the spine is most vulnerable occurs mostly in postmenopausal women

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3
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Excessive bone formation and breakdown

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4
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricates joint to prevent friction for easy movement

main component is water and then other components resemble blood plasma make-up

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5
Q

Wrist bones

A

Carpals

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6
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by inflammation response

Typically affects the joint at the base of the big toe

If untreated the bone ends fuse and immobilize the joint

Treatment: colchicine , nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs

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7
Q

Examples of fibrous joints

A

Sutures (Coronal, lamboid, sagittal, squamous)

Syndesmoses (radioulnar, stylohyoid, stylomandibular, tibiofibular)

Gomphoses (dentoalveolar)

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8
Q

Function of atlas

A

Yes motion

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9
Q

Function of axis

A

No motion

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10
Q

Function of axial skeleton

A

Forms the upright axis of the body

Protects the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Function of hyoid bone

A

Tongue and muscle attachment, suspending bone

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12
Q

Function of red bone marrow

A

Production of new cells

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13
Q

Function of tendon sheath

A

Reduces friction

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14
Q

Function of bursa

A

Provides a cushion between structures that would otherwise rub together (ex: tendons rubbing on bones)

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15
Q

Most abundant of skeleton cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Function of the Haversion Canal

A

Center canal that runs parallel, passageway for nerves and blood vessels

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17
Q

Function of osteocytes

A

Maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the matrix (base)

Direct release of calcium from bone to blood

Depositing calcium salts to matrix

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18
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

Bone-forming cells, secrete bone matrix, produce new bone

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19
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Resorb (break down) bone matrix

Secrete acid through exocytosis that dissolves bone matrix-causes a release of amino acid, calcium, and phosphate (must have balance)

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20
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation of a joint

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21
Q

Types of movement produced by a plane joint

A

Slipping and gliding only

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22
Q

Types of movement produced by a gliding joint

A

A flat bone surface glides over another similar surface (ex: intercarpal and intertarsal joints)

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23
Q

Function of articular cartilage

A

Provides a smooth surface for the bones to meet

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24
Q

Outer ankle

A

Malleolus

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25
Q

Parts of long bone

A

Diaphysis (body of long bone) and epiphysis (ends of long bone)

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26
Q

Type of movement produced by a ball-and-socket joint

A

A spherical head of one bone articulates with a cup-like socket of another (ex: shoulder and hip joints)

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27
Q

Type of movement produced by a condyloid joint

A

Oval articular surface of one bone fits into complementary depression of another (ex: wrist)

28
Q

Type of movement produced by hinge joint

A

Resembles door hinge

Motion along a single plane, permit flexion and extension only (ex: elbow and interphalangeal joints)

29
Q

Tyoe of movement produced by pivot joint

A

Rounded end of bone protrudes into a sleeve or ring

Composed of bone and possible ligaments of another

Only uniaxial movement allowed (ex: joints between axis and the dens)

30
Q

Functions of bones

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

31
Q

Fontanel

A

Soft spot, membranous area which makes the skull flexible and allows growth

32
Q

Multiaxial joints

A

Occurs around several axes

33
Q

What causes cleft palate

A

Fusion of the palatine bone and the hard palate of the maxilla

Huge genetic link

34
Q

Facet

A

Small, flattened articular surface

35
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, slit-like opening

36
Q

Foramen

A

Hole, passageway for nerves and vessels

37
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Bone with no contact to any other bone

38
Q

Tuberosity

A

Knob

39
Q

Which bones in the leg are not weight bearing

A

Fibula, patella

40
Q

Growth in the long bone

A

Grow because of the epiphyseal plate, it separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

41
Q

Spine

A

Very high ridge

42
Q

Ramus

A

Arm-like bar of bone, only found in mandible

43
Q

Spongy bone

A

Cancellous, honeycomb of trabeculae filled with yellow bone marrow

44
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Fat stored within medullary cavity or in spaces of spongy bone

used for shock absorption

45
Q

Periosteum

A

Double-layered connective tissue membrane covering outer surface of bone besides where articular cartilage is present

46
Q

Suture lines

A

Interlocking junction completely filled with connective tissue

Binds bones tightly together but allow for brain growth

47
Q

Diploe

A

Bone tissue, spongy bone (cancellous)

48
Q

Rotation

A

Turning the bone around on its own axis

ex: between first two vertebrae, hip, shoulder joints

49
Q

Supination

A

Turning palms up

50
Q

Pronation

A

Turning palms down

51
Q

Inversion

A

Turning sole of foot in

52
Q

Eversion

A

Turning sole of foot out

53
Q

Protraction

A

Pull forward

54
Q

Retraction

A

Pull backward

55
Q

Elevation

A

Pull up

56
Q

Depression

A

Pull down

57
Q

Opposition

A

Pulling pinky to thumb

58
Q

Reposition

A

Pulling pinky and thumb back out

59
Q

Circumduction

A

Ability to use flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Move your arm in circles

60
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Planting your foot in the ground

61
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bringing your foot back up from planting it

62
Q

Flexion

A

Bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint

63
Q

Extension

A

Joint angle is increased

64
Q

Hyperextension

A

Abnormal, forced extension of a joint beyond the normal range of motion

65
Q

Lateral excursion

A

Moving mandible to either right or left of the midline

66
Q

Medial excursion

A

Moving mandible back to the midline

67
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Mature bone that is organized into thin layers

3-7 micrometers thick

HOE (16 decks)

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