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HOE > Cells, Integumentary > Flashcards

Cells, Integumentary Flashcards

0
Q

Characteristics of adipose tissue:

A

Contains large amounts of lipids, composed of large cells and small extracellular matrix

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1
Q

Cells found in the epidermis:

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans’ cells, Merkel cells

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2
Q

Characteristics of all epithelial tissue types:

A

Mostly composed of cells, covers body surfaces, distinct cell surfaces, cells and matrix connections, nonvascular, capable of regeneration, secreting substances, absorbing substances

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3
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue:

A

Makes up part of every organ, abundant, consists of cells separated from each other by extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What causes your hair to grow

A

Nutrition, hormones

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5
Q

What is the extracellular ion

A

Sodium

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6
Q

Where do aerobic cellular respirations take place

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Envelops the entire body, skin

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8
Q

Serous membrane

A

Inside the cavities, no exposure to outside environment

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9
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Not sterile, very exposed to outside

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10
Q

Influence of repair of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, very influenced by nutrition and what’s going on medically, sign for all tissue damage-inflammation

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11
Q

Location of Fibrocartilage

A

Knee and back for shock absorption

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12
Q

Two types of sudoriferous glands

A

Apocrine and eccrine

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13
Q

Passive transport

A

Transport that does not require energy, moves from high to low gradient (osmosis, filtration, diffusion)

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14
Q

Hypertonic vs. Hypotonic

A

Talking about osmosis
Hypertonic-pull the water out of the cell, equal numbers of solutes per solvent both inside and out, becomes dehydrated

Hypotonic-water into cells, cell becomes big and filled with fluid

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15
Q

Location of Pseudostratified columnar epithelial

A

Male sperm carrying ducts

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16
Q

Make up of cytosol

A

Water, lipids, protein, carbohydrates

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17
Q

Location of ceruminous glands

A

Ears, secretes earwax

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18
Q

Composition of the epidermis

A

Stratum Basale (bottom), stratum Spinosum, stratum Granulosum, statum Lucidum, stratum Corneum (top)

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19
Q

Tensile strength

A

Strength that can’t be broken

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20
Q

Lanula

A

Whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail

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21
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of structure and function in all living things

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22
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

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23
Q

Exocytosis

A

Elimination of material from a cell through the formation of vacuoles

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24
Endocytosis
Bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane
25
Organs
Group of tissues to function in doing something
26
Systems
Groups of organs to perform a function
27
Terminal hair
Long, course, usually pigmented hair found in the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelids (replace vellus hair)
28
Tissues
Groups of cells to perform functions
29
Plasma membrane
Outermost component of the cell Functions as boundary separating substances Encloses and supports cell contents
30
Sebaceous glands
``` Located in the dermis Simple or compound alveolar glands producing sebum Classified as holocrine glands Oil glands Soften skin when stimulated by hormones ```
31
Vellus hair
Short, fine, usually unpigmented Replace the lanugo Where terminal hairs are not Terminal hair replaces vellus hair
32
Cell theory
Cells are the unit for structure and function in all living things
33
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
34
Function of apocrine glands
Nothing (genital and axillary area)
35
Function of arrector pili
Stand hairs on end in response to cold | Maintain body temp
36
Function of ATP
Energy
37
Function of ceruminous glands
Secretes ear wax for ear protection
38
Function of eccrine glands
Cooling down the body and getting rid of waste products
39
Function of mammary glands
Producing milk
40
Function of reticular fiber
Fill spaces with delicate networks between tissues and organs
41
Function of DNA
Determines the structure and functional characteristics of the cells by specifying the structure of proteins
42
Functions of centrioles
Forms spindles for mitosis | Forms base for cilia and flagella
43
Functions of cilia
Allows very soft movement in one direction
44
Function of collagen fibers
Tough, provides high tensile strength
45
Functions of elastic fiber
Stretch
46
Functions of each layer of the epidermis
Stratum Basale-functions in reproduction, anchors the dermis Stratum Spinosum-responsible for protein synthesis for keratin Stratum Granulosum-does not regenerate, cells are dead by this stage Stratum Lucidum-forms part of foot prints and fingerprints Stratum Corneum-functions in waterproofing, protecting from abrasions and penetrations, protect from biological, chemical, and physical assault
47
Functions of flagella
Moves cell against normal gradient, moves in whip-like motion in one direction
48
Functions of hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Attaches dermis to underlying structures Adipose tissue provides energy storage Insulation Blood vessels and nerves supply tissue
49
Functions of Langerhans' cells
Cleaning up things that don't belong
50
Functions of lysosomes
Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins Degrade nonfunctional organelles Breakdown glycogen and release thyroid hormones Breakdown nonuseful tissue
51
Functions of melanocytes
Produce brown pigment melanin, protect from UV light
52
Functions of microvilli
Absorption
53
Functions of muscle fiber
Movement, all work together or none work
54
Functions of muscular tissue
Skeletal-initiates and controls voluntary movement Cardiac-propels blood into the circulation Smooth-propels blood along internal passageways
55
Functions of peroxisomes
Serves as one site of lipid and amino acid degradation | Breaks down hydrogen peroxide
56
Functions of the Merkel cells
Touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
57
Functions of the plasma membrane
Forms outer boundary of the cell
58
Functions of the two layers of the dermis
Papillary layer-responsible for feeding the epidermis | Reticular layer-toughness of the skin, allows to jab skin without breaking
59
How do things move through the epidermis
Up through the layers of skin with a chemical change
60
Location of apocrine glands
Armpits (axillary) and pubic area
61
Make up of connective tissue
Ground substance, fibers, cells
62
Make up of sweat
Water, salt, waste products (almost identical to make up of blood plasma)
63
Connective tissue types
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood
64
Roles of endoplasmic reticulum
Transportation
65
Roles of microtubules
Help provide support and structure to cytoplasm Involved in cell division Transport of intracellular materials Form essential components of certain cell organelles
66
Roles of nucleoli
Site of ribosome production
67
Roles of ribosomes
Protein synthesis, making of protein
68
Structure of centrioles
Small, barrel-shaped organelles | Pinwheel array of nine triplets of microtubules
69
Structure of centrosome
Contains two centrioles Specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus Center of microtubule formation
70
Modes of secretion by exocrine glands
Merocrine
71
Modes of secretion of the endocrine glands
Holocrine
72
What are the cutaneous membranes?
Skin membranes
73
What are the mucous membranes?
Lines body cavities open to the exterior (digestive and respiratory tracts)
74
What are the serous membranes?
Moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavity
75
What are the keratinocytes?
Keratin cells

HOE (16 decks)

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