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HOE > Cells, Integumentary > Flashcards

Cells, Integumentary Flashcards

0
Q

Characteristics of adipose tissue:

A

Contains large amounts of lipids, composed of large cells and small extracellular matrix

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1
Q

Cells found in the epidermis:

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans’ cells, Merkel cells

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2
Q

Characteristics of all epithelial tissue types:

A

Mostly composed of cells, covers body surfaces, distinct cell surfaces, cells and matrix connections, nonvascular, capable of regeneration, secreting substances, absorbing substances

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3
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue:

A

Makes up part of every organ, abundant, consists of cells separated from each other by extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What causes your hair to grow

A

Nutrition, hormones

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5
Q

What is the extracellular ion

A

Sodium

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6
Q

Where do aerobic cellular respirations take place

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Envelops the entire body, skin

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8
Q

Serous membrane

A

Inside the cavities, no exposure to outside environment

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9
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Not sterile, very exposed to outside

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10
Q

Influence of repair of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, very influenced by nutrition and what’s going on medically, sign for all tissue damage-inflammation

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11
Q

Location of Fibrocartilage

A

Knee and back for shock absorption

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12
Q

Two types of sudoriferous glands

A

Apocrine and eccrine

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13
Q

Passive transport

A

Transport that does not require energy, moves from high to low gradient (osmosis, filtration, diffusion)

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14
Q

Hypertonic vs. Hypotonic

A

Talking about osmosis
Hypertonic-pull the water out of the cell, equal numbers of solutes per solvent both inside and out, becomes dehydrated

Hypotonic-water into cells, cell becomes big and filled with fluid

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15
Q

Location of Pseudostratified columnar epithelial

A

Male sperm carrying ducts

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16
Q

Make up of cytosol

A

Water, lipids, protein, carbohydrates

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17
Q

Location of ceruminous glands

A

Ears, secretes earwax

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18
Q

Composition of the epidermis

A

Stratum Basale (bottom), stratum Spinosum, stratum Granulosum, statum Lucidum, stratum Corneum (top)

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19
Q

Tensile strength

A

Strength that can’t be broken

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20
Q

Lanula

A

Whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail

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21
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of structure and function in all living things

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22
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

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23
Q

Exocytosis

A

Elimination of material from a cell through the formation of vacuoles

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24
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane

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25
Q

Organs

A

Group of tissues to function in doing something

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26
Q

Systems

A

Groups of organs to perform a function

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27
Q

Terminal hair

A

Long, course, usually pigmented hair found in the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelids (replace vellus hair)

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28
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells to perform functions

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29
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outermost component of the cell
Functions as boundary separating substances
Encloses and supports cell contents

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30
Q

Sebaceous glands

A 
Located in the dermis 
Simple or compound alveolar glands producing sebum
Classified as holocrine glands 
Oil glands
Soften skin when stimulated by hormones
31
Q

Vellus hair

A

Short, fine, usually unpigmented
Replace the lanugo
Where terminal hairs are not
Terminal hair replaces vellus hair

32
Q

Cell theory

A

Cells are the unit for structure and function in all living things

33
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

34
Q

Function of apocrine glands

A

Nothing (genital and axillary area)

35
Q

Function of arrector pili

A

Stand hairs on end in response to cold

Maintain body temp

36
Q

Function of ATP

A

Energy

37
Q

Function of ceruminous glands

A

Secretes ear wax for ear protection

38
Q

Function of eccrine glands

A

Cooling down the body and getting rid of waste products

39
Q

Function of mammary glands

A

Producing milk

40
Q

Function of reticular fiber

A

Fill spaces with delicate networks between tissues and organs

41
Q

Function of DNA

A

Determines the structure and functional characteristics of the cells by specifying the structure of proteins

42
Q

Functions of centrioles

A

Forms spindles for mitosis

Forms base for cilia and flagella

43
Q

Functions of cilia

A

Allows very soft movement in one direction

44
Q

Function of collagen fibers

A

Tough, provides high tensile strength

45
Q

Functions of elastic fiber

A

Stretch

46
Q

Functions of each layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum Basale-functions in reproduction, anchors the dermis
Stratum Spinosum-responsible for protein synthesis for keratin
Stratum Granulosum-does not regenerate, cells are dead by this stage
Stratum Lucidum-forms part of foot prints and fingerprints
Stratum Corneum-functions in waterproofing, protecting from abrasions and penetrations, protect from biological, chemical, and physical assault

47
Q

Functions of flagella

A

Moves cell against normal gradient, moves in whip-like motion in one direction

48
Q

Functions of hypodermis (subcutaneous)

A

Attaches dermis to underlying structures
Adipose tissue provides energy storage
Insulation
Blood vessels and nerves supply tissue

49
Q

Functions of Langerhans’ cells

A

Cleaning up things that don’t belong

50
Q

Functions of lysosomes

A

Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins
Degrade nonfunctional organelles
Breakdown glycogen and release thyroid hormones
Breakdown nonuseful tissue

51
Q

Functions of melanocytes

A

Produce brown pigment melanin, protect from UV light

52
Q

Functions of microvilli

A

Absorption

53
Q

Functions of muscle fiber

A

Movement, all work together or none work

54
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal-initiates and controls voluntary movement
Cardiac-propels blood into the circulation
Smooth-propels blood along internal passageways

55
Q

Functions of peroxisomes

A

Serves as one site of lipid and amino acid degradation

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide

56
Q

Functions of the Merkel cells

A

Touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

57
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane

A

Forms outer boundary of the cell

58
Q

Functions of the two layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer-responsible for feeding the epidermis

Reticular layer-toughness of the skin, allows to jab skin without breaking

59
Q

How do things move through the epidermis

A

Up through the layers of skin with a chemical change

60
Q

Location of apocrine glands

A

Armpits (axillary) and pubic area

61
Q

Make up of connective tissue

A

Ground substance, fibers, cells

62
Q

Make up of sweat

A

Water, salt, waste products (almost identical to make up of blood plasma)

63
Q

Connective tissue types

A

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

64
Q

Roles of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transportation

65
Q

Roles of microtubules

A

Help provide support and structure to cytoplasm
Involved in cell division
Transport of intracellular materials
Form essential components of certain cell organelles

66
Q

Roles of nucleoli

A

Site of ribosome production

67
Q

Roles of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis, making of protein

68
Q

Structure of centrioles

A

Small, barrel-shaped organelles

Pinwheel array of nine triplets of microtubules

69
Q

Structure of centrosome

A

Contains two centrioles
Specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus
Center of microtubule formation

70
Q

Modes of secretion by exocrine glands

A

Merocrine

71
Q

Modes of secretion of the endocrine glands

A

Holocrine

72
Q

What are the cutaneous membranes?

A

Skin membranes

73
Q

What are the mucous membranes?

A

Lines body cavities open to the exterior (digestive and respiratory tracts)

74
Q

What are the serous membranes?

A

Moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavity

75
Q

What are the keratinocytes?

A

Keratin cells

HOE (16 decks)

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