Skeletal Flashcards
Periosteum
The tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
Compact bone
Cortical bone; the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. Accounts for than 75% of the body bone matter, by weight.
Spongy bone
Cancellous bone; porous bone that is lighter and weaker than compact bone. Red bone marrow is often located within this spongy bone, which is commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, and vertebrae of the spinal column.
Medullary cavity
The central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone. The storage location of red and yellow bone marrow.
Cartilagionous joints
Cartilaginous joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
Synovial joints
A synovial joint is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.
Ball and socket: hips and shoulders
Hinge: knees and elbows
Osteoclasis
The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
Traction
Traction is a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment.
Internal fixation
Open reduction internal fixation; a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. This form of fixation is not usually removed after the fraction has healed.
Percutaneous diskectomy
Treatment for a herniated intervertebral disk. A thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the rupture disk or to vaporize it with a laser.
Percutaneous means performed through the skin.
Arthroplasty
A term that has come to mean the surgical placement of an artificial joint, although the word parts definition is surgical repair of a damaged joint.
Arthrodesis
Surgical ankylosis, the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as the ankle, elbow, or shoulder. Treatment for severe arthritis or a damaged joint.
Open fracture
Compound fracture, the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
Greenstick fracture
Incomplete fracture, the bone is bent and only partially broken. Occurs primarily in children.
Kyphosis
An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side. Humpback, or dowager’s hump, frequently associated with aging.
Lordosis
An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. Also known as swayback.
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
Paget’s disease
A chronic bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually, in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged, misshapen and weak.
Primary and Secondary bone cancer
Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone. (Ewing’s sarcoma)
Secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.
Myeloma
A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow. It can cause pathologic fractures and is often fatal.
