Eyes and Ears Flashcards
Eyes - combining form(s)
opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ophthalm/o
Iris - combining form(s)
ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o
Lens - combining form(s)
phac/o, phak/o
Retina - combining form(s)
retin/o
Lacrimal Apparatus - combining form(s)
dacryocyst/o, lacrim/o
Ears - combining form(s)
acous/o, acoust/o, audi/o, audit/o, ot/o
Outer Ear - combining form(s)
pinn/i
Middle Ear - combining form(s)
myring/o, tympan/o
Inner Ear - combining form(s)
labyrinth/o
Eyelid - combining form(s)
blephar/o
Hearing - suffix
-cusis
Cornea, horny, hard - combining form(s)
kerat/o
Vision condition - suffix
-opia
Old age - combining form(s)
presby/o
Ptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid, usually caused by paralysis
Hordeolum
Stye; pus-filled lesion on the eyelid that is usually painful, caused by an acute infection of the sebaceous gland
Diabetic retinopathy
Damage to the retina due to uncontrolled diabetes
Nystagmus
An involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball; congenital, due to neurological injury, or drug use
Glaucoma
A disease of increased intraocular pressure that leads to nerve damage. Blockage of fluid flow out the eye causes the pressure buildup.
Open-angle (chronic): the trabecular meshwork gradually becomes blocked, causing a pressure buildup
Closed-angle (acute): the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork. A sudden increase in pressure can cause severe pain, nausea, redness of the eye, and blurred vision. Blindness can occur quickly without treatment.
Diplopia
Double vision, perception of two images of a single object
Hemianopia
Blindness in one-half of the visual field
Monochromatism
Color blindness, a genetic condition caused by the absence of certain cones in the retina
Strabismus
A disorder in which the eyes point in different directions
Esotropia: cross-eyes, inward deviation of one or both eyes
Exotropia: walleye, an outward deviation of one eye relative to the other
Hyperopia & Myopia
Farsightedness and nearsightedness
Tonometry
Measurement of intraocular pressure
Lensectomy
The general term for surgical removal of a cataract-clouded lens
Phacoemulsification & Intraocular Lens (IOL)
The use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract
Surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed
Laser Iridotomy
Procedure in which a focused beam of light creates a hole in the iris. Treatment for closed-angle glaucoma; allows the flow of aqueous humor between the anterior and posterior chambers
Retinopexy
Reattachment of detached are in retinal detachment
Air Conduction, Bone Conduction, & Sensorineural Conduction
Process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and travel down the external auditory canal until they strike the tympanic membrane
Eardrum vibrations cause the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate, which transmits sound waves through the middle ear to the oval window of the inner ear
When sound vibrations reach the inner ear, they are relayed to the auditory nerve for transmission to the brain
Acoustic nerves
Auditory nerves (cranial VIII, cochlear & vestibular); transmit sound impulses to the auditory center in the cerebral cortex.
Cochlear nerves - transmit sound for hearing
Vestibular nerves - sense balance and head position
Tinnitus
A condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears. Often associated with hearing loss and is more likely after prolonged exposure to loud noises.
Cholesteatoma
Pearly tumor; a destructive epidermal cyst in the middle ear and/or the mastoid process made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol
Infectious myringitis
A contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum. Associated with a middle ear infection.
Otosclerosis
The ankylosis (fusing together) of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss
Ménière’s disease
A rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus.
Presbycusis
Gradual loss os sensorineural hearing that occurs with age
Conductive & Sensorineural hearing loss
Conductive - occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid-filled inner ear; treatable
Sensorineural - nerve deafness; develops when auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged
Fenestration
A surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore lost hearing
Myringotomy
A small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes
