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Christian's Medical Terminology Flashcards - referenced from, Ehrlich, A., Schroeder, C.L., Ehrlich, L., Schroeder, K.A. (2017). Medical Terminology for Health Professions (8th ed.). Cengage > Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Eyes and Ears Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Eyes - combining form(s)

A

opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ophthalm/o

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2
Q

Iris - combining form(s)

A

ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o

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3
Q

Lens - combining form(s)

A

phac/o, phak/o

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4
Q

Retina - combining form(s)

A

retin/o

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5
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus - combining form(s)

A

dacryocyst/o, lacrim/o

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6
Q

Ears - combining form(s)

A

acous/o, acoust/o, audi/o, audit/o, ot/o

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7
Q

Outer Ear - combining form(s)

A

pinn/i

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8
Q

Middle Ear - combining form(s)

A

myring/o, tympan/o

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9
Q

Inner Ear - combining form(s)

A

labyrinth/o

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10
Q

Eyelid - combining form(s)

A

blephar/o

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11
Q

Hearing - suffix

A

-cusis

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12
Q

Cornea, horny, hard - combining form(s)

A

kerat/o

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13
Q

Vision condition - suffix

A

-opia

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14
Q

Old age - combining form(s)

A

presby/o

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15
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid, usually caused by paralysis

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16
Q

Hordeolum

A

Stye; pus-filled lesion on the eyelid that is usually painful, caused by an acute infection of the sebaceous gland

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17
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Damage to the retina due to uncontrolled diabetes

18
Q

Nystagmus

A

An involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball; congenital, due to neurological injury, or drug use

19
Q

Glaucoma

A

A disease of increased intraocular pressure that leads to nerve damage. Blockage of fluid flow out the eye causes the pressure buildup.
Open-angle (chronic): the trabecular meshwork gradually becomes blocked, causing a pressure buildup
Closed-angle (acute): the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork. A sudden increase in pressure can cause severe pain, nausea, redness of the eye, and blurred vision. Blindness can occur quickly without treatment.

20
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision, perception of two images of a single object

21
Q

Hemianopia

A

Blindness in one-half of the visual field

22
Q

Monochromatism

A

Color blindness, a genetic condition caused by the absence of certain cones in the retina

23
Q

Strabismus

A

A disorder in which the eyes point in different directions
Esotropia: cross-eyes, inward deviation of one or both eyes
Exotropia: walleye, an outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

24
Q

Hyperopia & Myopia

A

Farsightedness and nearsightedness

25
Q

Tonometry

A

Measurement of intraocular pressure

26
Q

Lensectomy

A

The general term for surgical removal of a cataract-clouded lens

27
Q

Phacoemulsification & Intraocular Lens (IOL)

A

The use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract
Surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed

28
Q

Laser Iridotomy

A

Procedure in which a focused beam of light creates a hole in the iris. Treatment for closed-angle glaucoma; allows the flow of aqueous humor between the anterior and posterior chambers

29
Q

Retinopexy

A

Reattachment of detached are in retinal detachment

30
Q

Air Conduction, Bone Conduction, & Sensorineural Conduction

A

Process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and travel down the external auditory canal until they strike the tympanic membrane

Eardrum vibrations cause the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate, which transmits sound waves through the middle ear to the oval window of the inner ear

When sound vibrations reach the inner ear, they are relayed to the auditory nerve for transmission to the brain

31
Q

Acoustic nerves

A

Auditory nerves (cranial VIII, cochlear & vestibular); transmit sound impulses to the auditory center in the cerebral cortex.
Cochlear nerves - transmit sound for hearing
Vestibular nerves - sense balance and head position

32
Q

Tinnitus

A

A condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears. Often associated with hearing loss and is more likely after prolonged exposure to loud noises.

33
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Pearly tumor; a destructive epidermal cyst in the middle ear and/or the mastoid process made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol

34
Q

Infectious myringitis

A

A contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum. Associated with a middle ear infection.

35
Q

Otosclerosis

A

The ankylosis (fusing together) of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss

36
Q

Ménière’s disease

A

A rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus.

37
Q

Presbycusis

A

Gradual loss os sensorineural hearing that occurs with age

38
Q

Conductive & Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Conductive - occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid-filled inner ear; treatable
Sensorineural - nerve deafness; develops when auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged

39
Q

Fenestration

A

A surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore lost hearing

40
Q

Myringotomy

A

A small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes

Christian's Medical Terminology Flashcards - referenced from, Ehrlich, A., Schroeder, C.L., Ehrlich, L., Schroeder, K.A. (2017). Medical Terminology for Health Professions (8th ed.). Cengage (15 decks)

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