Muscular Flashcards
Fascia
A band of connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. Fasica is flexible to allow muscle movements.
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, smooth, and myocardial
Skeletal - attached to the bones of the skeleton, enable body motion
Smooth muscle - located in the walls of the internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures.
Myocardial muscle - myocardium, or cardiac muscle, similar in appearance to striated skeletal muscle, and under involuntary action similar to smooth muscle.
Abduction; Adduction
Abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction - movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
Dorsiflexion; Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion - the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
Plantar flexion - the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle. Plantar means pertaining to the sole of the foot.
Myocele
The herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
Atonic; Dystonia; Hypotonia
Lacking normal muscle tone or strength; a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement; a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
Tenosynovitis
An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
Rhabdomyolysis
A serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury. The death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications such as renal failure.
rhabdomy/o - striated muscle
Bradykinesia; Dyskinesia; Hyperkinesia
extreme slowness in movement (a symptom of Parkinson’s disease); the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions; hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity
Myasthenia gravis
A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. Muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected by this condition.
Sprain vs. Strain
A sprain is an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.
A strain is an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Strains are usually associated with overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment.
Plantar fascitis
An inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. This condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running.
Tenodesis
The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone. The opposite of tenolysis.
-desis means to bind or tie together.
Myoparesis; Hemiparesis; Hemiplegia; Paraplegia
A weakness or slight muscular paralysis; A slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body; The total paralysis of one side of the body. Usually associated with stroke or brain damage (damage to one side of the brain cause paralysis on the opposite side); The paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
Torticollis
Wryneck, a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.
