Integumentary Flashcards
Skin - combining form(s)
cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o
Sweat Glands - combining form(s)
hidr/o
Nails - combining form(s)
onych/o, ungu/o
Urtic/o
rash, hives
Hirsut/o
hairy, rough
Layers of Skin
Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer (outermost to innermost)
Components of the Epidermis
The epidermis does not contain any blood vessels or connective tissue; Epithelial tissues, squamous epithelial tissues, basal layer, keratin, melanocytes, melanin
Components of the Dermis
Corium; contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, collagen, mast cells; heparin, and histamine
Components of the Subcutaneous Layer
Connects the skin to the surface muscles; loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, lipocytes (fat cells)
Sudoriferous glands
sweat glands, found on almost all body surfaces; Apocrine - found at hair follicles
Eccrine - open onto the skin and are most numerous in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and forehead
Unguis
Fingernail or toenail; keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe
Comedo
A noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle, often associated with acne vulgaris Open comedo (blackhead) - a sebum plug that is exposed to air and oxidizes Closed comedo (whitehead) - a comedo with an obstructed opening
Anhidrosis
The abnormal condition of not sweating in response to heat
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating; can be a normal response to exertion or heat or it can be triggered by emotional or physical distress
Hyperhidrosis
A condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body
Sleep hyperhidrosis
Night sweats; hyperhidrosis during sleep
Onychomycosis
A fungal infection of the nail. Depending on the type of fungus, the nail can turn white, yellow, green, or black and become thick or brittle.
Contusion, Ecchymosis, & Purpura
Contusion - an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin, characterized by discoloration and pain
Ecchymosis - a bruise; a large irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
Purpura - the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin; smaller than a bruise, larger than petechia (small pinpoint hemorrhages)
Lesion; Macule, Nodule, Papule, Vesicle, Bulla
Macule - macula; discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in dia. (freckles, flat moles)
Nodule - solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in dia., and deeper than a papule
Papule - small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in dia. and does not contain pus (small pimples and insect bites
Vesicle - a small blister, less than 0.5 cm in dia. containing water fluid (poison ivy rash)
Bulla - large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in dia.
Pressure sore
Bedsore, or decubitus ulcer; an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin. Without proper care, these can quickly become infected and lead to tissue death.
Scleroderma
An autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
Urticaria
Hives; itchy wheals (welts) caused by an allergic reaction
Furuncles
Boils; large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Impetigo
A highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children; characterized by isolated pustules (pimple; small circumscribed lesion containing pus) that become crusted and rupture
Onychocryptosis
Ingrown toenail
Pruritus
Itching; associated with most forms of dermatitis
Xeroderma
Excessively dry skin
Rhytidectomy
Facelift; surgical removal of excess skin to remove wrinkles (rhytid - wrinkle)
