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ARE Decks > Site Planning & Design > Flashcards

Site Planning & Design Flashcards

1
Q

Aquifer

A

A oermeable straum of soil material that allows the passage of wanter underground ans is the water source for wells

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1
Q

Alluvium

A

Soil, sand or mud deposited by flowing water

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1
Q

Albedo

A

The measurement of how much of the radiant energy that a surface receives is reflected rather than absorbed.

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2
Q

Arterial Roads

A

Wide, high capacity streets usually connecting to expressways

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3
Q

Auger Boring

A

Type of soil testing: This method uses an auger drill bit fastened to a rod to bring the soil to the surface. Most efficient in sand or clay because the bit is easily obstructed. It has a limited depth capacity

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3
Q

Bedrock

A

The most stable soil type

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3
Q

Breast Boards

A

Horizontal boards, 2 in to 4 in thick placed between soldier beams used to hold soil in place during excavation.

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3
Q

Battering

A

The sloping it recessing of successive courses of stone or masonry to help resist soil thrust and overturning.

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3
Q

Bioswale

A

A shallow ditch lined with grass or other ground cover. A permanent construction, It is designed to slow storm runoff and remove sediments.

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4
Q

Catch Basin

A

A reservoir in which debris and sediment from runoff may settle before it enters the storm drain

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5
Q

Clay

A

Fine grained cohesive material, least stable and least predictable, plastic when wet, prone to heaving - #4 drainage / grain size

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6
Q

Compact parking stall dim.

A

7’-6” to 8’ wide X 16’ to 18’ long

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6
Q

Collector Roads

A

Connection roads between local and arterial streets

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6
Q

Coarse-Grained Soils

A

gravels, silty gravels, sands, silty sands

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6
Q

Coefficient of Runoff

A

A fixed ratio of total rainfall that runs off a surface

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7
Q

Compaction (soil improvement)

A

Existing soil - Moisture is added and the soil is then compacted

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8
Q

Coniferous Trees

A

Wind and sun block - leaves all year round.

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9
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat by the movement of liquid or gas, such as air

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10
Q

Core Boring

A

Type of soil testing: An intact cylindercal sample is extracted by drilling through all types of soil including bedrock. Excellent depth capability. This test is very reliable as well as expensive.

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11
Q

Cost for cutting and filling earth on site is calculated with what unit?

A

Cubic yards [meters]

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12
Q

Covenant

A

Type of “deed restriction”. It is a provision in the deed that places limitation on land development by the owner for public interest.

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12
Q

Crime Prevention through environmental design

A

• architectural design: use if defensible space, natural access control, natural surveillance, territorial reinforcement • electronic methods: locks, alarms, surveillance. • organizational methods: guard, door attendants, etc.

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13
Q

Culvert

A

A drain or channel that permits the passage of water below ground. Typ. a lare dia. conc. or metal pipe often used to channel water under a road

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14
Q

Degree Days

A

The number of degrees that the mean temperature for any day at a particular location is below 65F

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14
Q

Deciduous Trees

A

Screen out direct sunlight in the summer while allowing it to pass in the winter

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15
Q

Drain Tile

A

A perforated pipe surrounded by granular fill used to relieve hydrostatic pressure from foundation or retaining walls

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15
Q

Expressways

A

Limited access roads with high speed, high volume circulation

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15
Q

Fill (soil improvement)

A

Poor soil is replaced with the appropriate soil, sand and gravel mix - moisture is added and the soil is then compacted

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15
Q

Densification (soil improvement)

A

Use of heavy pounding piles, vibration or weights to compact and fill voids

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15
Q

Excavation

A

The removal of soil from its natural position to allow for construction below grade

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15
Q

Easement

A

A limited right, whether temporary or permanenet, to use the property of another in a certain way. This may inlcude the right of access to water, light and air, right-of-way, etc.

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15
Q

Extraction / treatment

A

Most commonly used technology in groundwater remediation projects

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16
Q

Fine-Grained Soils

A

silts and clays

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17
Q

Flume

A

An elevated artificial channel that carries fast moving water and is used to transport items such as logs or fish, or to divert a stream

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18
Q

Gap-Graded Soils

A

Consists of both large and small particles but the continuity of gradation is interrupted, typically by the absence of intermediate-size particles. A type of poorly graded soil.

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18
Q

Forecourt

A

A design where the building line is set back from the frontage line and a wall is placed at the frontage line, creating a semi-private courtyard.

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19
Q

Gravel

A

Course granular - #1 drainage / grain size

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20
Q

Gridiron Street System

A

This urban layout incorporates public parks and open spaces as well as uniform spacing and setbacks.

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22
Q

How to prevent heaving?

A

Place top of footing at or below frost line.

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23
Q

Humus

A

Soft dark soil containing decomposed organic matter, poor bearing capacity

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25
Q

Hydrology

A

The study of the occurance , movement and quality of water ona site. Concerned with water forms, drainage patters, runoff, water table and aquifer zones.

27
Q

Invert

A

The elevation of the bottom (flow line) of a pipe

28
Q

Lagging Boards

A

Horizontal boards, 2 in to 4 in thick placed between soldier beams used to hold soil in place during excavation.

29
Q

Loam

A

Rich soil containing equal parts of sand, silt and clay

31
Q

Local Roads

A

Low capacity roads with direct access to a site

32
Q

Mat Footing

A

One large footing under the entire building that distributes the load over the entire building area. used when soil is poor.

34
Q

min distance between drieway and intersection depending on speed and capacity of road

A

50’ to 200’

36
Q

min. and max. a slope for parking area

A

1% min. to 5% max.

37
Q

min. angle of road at an intersection

A

70

39
Q

min. slope for a rough paved area

A

1.5% min.

41
Q

min. slope for a smooth paved area

A

1% min.

43
Q

min. slope for a underground drainage pipe

A

0.3” min.

44
Q

min. to ideal slope for a lawn

A

2% min. to ideal 4%

46
Q

min. width of a one-way driveway

A

10’

48
Q

min. width of a two-way driveway

A

16’

49
Q

min. width of a two-way main aisle between 90 parking stalls

A

20’

50
Q

Minimum width for planting strips of grass.

A

4 feet min.

51
Q

Minimum width for planting strips of trees.

A

6 - 7 feet minimum

52
Q

Mixing (soil improvement)

A

Addition of sand or gravel to the soil

53
Q

Percolation Test

A

A test method to determine the rate at which soil absorbs effluent.

53
Q

Highly-Grained Soils

A

peat, leaf and branch particles, grass or other organic material that may have undesirable bldg, characteristics.

54
Q

Proctor Test

A

A test method used to determine the optimum relationship between moisture content and compaction soil

55
Q

Raker

A

A temporary diagonal brace used to support vertical sheeting against earth walls created by excavation

56
Q

Recess Line

A

In urban site planning the recess line is the top of the full-width plane of a building facade, which effectively defines the enclosure of public space relative to the distance between it and an opposite facade.

57
Q

Right-Of-Way

A

A strip of land granted by deed or easement for a circulation path

58
Q

Riprap

A

Rock along a watercourse it drainage area designed to prevent erosion.

60
Q

Sand

A

Granular material, particles too small to be picked up individually - #2 drainage / grain size

61
Q

Sheet flow

A

Water that drains in a thin layer across a sloped surface, pavement, grass or landscape.

62
Q

Shoring

A

Temporary wood or steel bracing usually set at an angel position and used to hold walls in place

63
Q

Silt

A

Granular particles, too small to be seen individually. Stable but is weak when dry, swells when wet, is non plastic and can heave in freezing temps. - #3 drainage / grain size

64
Q

Silt Fence

A

A temporary construction designed to filter water runoff from a construction site and trap sediment before it is washed into drains or nearby bodies of water.

65
Q

Soil liquefaction

A

The sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesionless soil

67
Q

Soldier Beam

A

A heavy timber or steel column driven vertically into the soil and used to hold sheeting boards in place.

68
Q

Spot Zoning

A

The designation of a parcel of land for a use classification different from that of the surrounding area to favor a particular owner

70
Q

Square footage required per car for parking and ciculation

A

300-400 s.f.

72
Q

Standard parking stall dim.

A

8’ to 9’ wide X 18’ to 20’ long

74
Q

standard slope for a pedestrian paths

A

2% (1/4” per foot) standard

75
Q

Storm Drain

A

Underground conduit used to carry rainwater, not sewage, from a catch basin to a paved channel ot body of water. Controls runoff and erosion in high-density areas with impervious surfaces. Dia. is determined by the region’s rainfall in inches per hour

76
Q

Subsurface investigation report contents

A

-Result of field test -Result of laboratory test -Recommended types of foundations

77
Q

Surcharging (soil improvement)

A

Adding fill to existing soil and allowing settlement to take place with time

78
Q

Swale

A

A type of above ground drainage used to control runoff.

80
Q

Test Pit

A

Type of soil testing: An excavation of an open pit. This allows for a visual examination of the existing conditions as well as the ability to take intact samples for further testing. Can determine the depth of the water table.

82
Q

Timber Sheetinga

A

Horizontal boards, 2 in to 4 in thick placed between soldier beams used to hold soil in place during excavation.

83
Q

Transition Line

A

The line running the full width of the facade and that may be expressed as a change of material or limited projection.

84
Q

Transpiration

A

The process by which water vapor escapes into the atmosphere from plants

85
Q

Trenching

A

Creating shallow excavation used for pouring small footings and foundation walls or to provide drainage of surface water

86
Q

Underpinning

A

Providing additional support to an existing foundation by rebuilding or reinforcing

88
Q

Uniformly-Graded Soils

A

Consists of particles that are all approximately the same size. A type of poorly graded soil

89
Q

Vapor Extraction

A

Clean up technology to remediate the unsaturated zone of ground water contamination

90
Q

View plane

A

Established by local ordinances, they are restrictions to protect scenic views from a specific point or area.

91
Q

Wale, waler or whaler

A

A horizontal brace of steel or timber used to support sheathing or other members such as concrete framework. Holds vertical members and form work in line.

92
Q

Wash Boring

A

Type of soil testing: The drilling of a test hole to locate bedrock beneath very compact soil. A pip is driven into the soil while water forces the material to the surface. It can penetrate all materials other than rock

93
Q

Water Table

A

The boundary between aerated and water-saturated soil. Thine plane may rise and fall seasonally. same as ground-water level.

94
Q

Weir

A

An embankment, levee or dam formed to hold a river or stream or divert a flow of water.

95
Q

Well-Graded Soils

A

Has a good representation of all particle sizes, in proportionate quantities, from the largest to the smallest. Increased grain to grain proportion.

96
Q

What cause heaving?

A

Upward lift of soil.

97
Q

What is the relationship between wind and the mass of high-rise buildings?

A

More wi d turbulence is created at the street level of wide, smooth-surfaced facades.

98
Q

max. slope for automobile ramps

A
99
Q

90 degree Parking Layout

A
100
Q

45 degree Parking Layout

A
101
Q

Spalling

A

The deterioration of concrete or masonry caused by excessive moisture and is unlikely to cause a retaining wall to fail.

ARE Decks (33 decks)

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