Programming Planning & Practice

Question 1

Conditional Use

Answer 1

Granted by a zoning board to achieve a purpose deemed by the board to be in the public interest. Granted for the general public welfare.

Question 2

Variance

Answer 2

Special permission to deviate from the standard zoning regulations. Granted for the benefit of an individual owner.

Question 3

Cumulative Zoning

Answer 3

A multi-use district or zone. Allows for residential use in commercial zones and commercial use in industrial zones

Question 4

Incentive Zoning

Answer 4

Allows waivers from specific restrictions for developments which provide certain public amenities.

Question 5

Expanding Grid Development Pattern

Answer 5

• A city is formed at the junction of two roads and laid out • growth simply follows the grid until some natural feature, limiting population or economics stop it. • ex: Philadelphia

Question 6

Star Development Pattern

Answer 6

• revolves around the urban core and development follows radial spokes of main highways or mass transits routes. • higher density development tends to form around the spokes • lower density development between the spokes

Question 7

Field Pattern Development

Answer 7

• Has no central focus or apparent overall organization scheme. • development takes place in an amorphous network of highways and natural feature • ex: Los Angeles

Question 8

Satellite Development Pattern

Answer 8

• central urban core with major cores surrounding it • the central core is linked to the others with major highways • often out cores are connected with a road system called a beltway • ex: Houston

Question 9

Megalopolis Development Pattern

Answer 9

• two or more major urban centers near each other grow together as the space between is developed. • ex: Southern California

Question 10

Slope % calculation

Answer 10

G = ( d / L ) X 100% G = slope of land % d = vertical distance between contours ft(m) L = horizontal distance between points of a slope ft(m)

Question 11

O.S.H.A.

Answer 11

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 12

P.U.D.

Answer 12

Planned Unit Development

Question 13

City Beautiful Movement

Answer 13

movement in the United States and revived interest in urban planning.

Question 14

The Image of the City

Answer 14

-Kevtn Lynch identified five basic elements of the urban image: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. -These are created by buildings, natural features, roads, and other components of the city.

Question 15

Municipal Services

Answer 15

• police protection - fire protection - trash removal - street cleaning

Question 16

Zoning

Answer 16

The division of a city or other governmental unit into districts, and the regulation of the use of land and the location and bulk of buildings on property within those districts.

Question 17

market approach

Answer 17

The surrounding neighborhood or region is investigated to find properties that have recently sold or are on the market that are similar to the property being valued. Except for adjustments to reflect the unique nature of the property, the property is assumed to have the same value as that of the similar properties

Question 18

income approach

Answer 18

Here, the basis is the potential the property has to yield a profit (income). The potential income is estimated (allowing for vacanciesand credit losses) > and then various expenses such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance are deducted. Because potential income is usually figured on a yearly basis, this amount must be capitalized to estimate the current, total value of the property

Question 19

cost approach

Answer 19

the value of the land is estimated at its highest and best use. Then, the cost to replace the building or add improvements is calculated. The estimated accrued depreciation is figured and subtracted from the replacement cost or cost of the improvements. This adjusted amount is then added to the land value to give the total value of the property

Question 20

Abatement

Answer 20

a reduction in the price of a property due to the discovery of some problem that tends to decrease the property’s value

Question 21

Amortization

Answer 21

the payment of a loan over the life of the loan using equal payments at equal intervals. Each payment provides for a portion to be applied to the principal and the remainder to be applied to the interest.

Question 22

Cluster housing

Answer 22

a particular type of hOUSing deVelopment in which the houses or apartments are placed close to each other and have access to nearby common open spaces

Question 23

Easement

Answer 23

a portion of land of one ownership that another owner or a governmental agency has the right to use for a specific purpose

Question 24

Fair market value (or Market value):

Answer 24

the value of a piece of property that a buyer would pay a seller in a free transaction for the property

Question 25

Riparian rights:

Answer 25

the rights of a landowner to use or control all or a portion of the water in a body of water bordering his or her property

Question 26

Programming Phases

Answer 26

1. Establish objectives 2. Collect, organize, and analyze data 3. Establish priorities 4. State the problem 5.

Question 27

Ingress

Answer 27

Entrance

Question 28

Efficiency (of building)

Answer 28

Ratio of net to gross area of a building. 60% to 80%

Question 29

Net Area

Answer 29

Sum of all usable floor space measured to inside face of enclosing walls or to lines of space separations. Does not include circulation or service areas.

Question 30

Gross Area

Answer 30

Sum of all building areas measured to exterior face of perimeter walls.

Question 31

Index formula

Answer 31

Index = (sf per student/station) / (hours per week classroom used x occupied when classroom is in use %)

Question 32

Property Tax

Answer 32

Tax based on a property’s value (only for tax purposes - not market value)

Question 33

Catchment Area

Answer 33

The geographic area from where the participants in a particular activity are drawn