Programming Planning & Practice Flashcards
Conditional Use
Granted by a zoning board to achieve a purpose deemed by the board to be in the public interest. Granted for the general public welfare.
Variance
Special permission to deviate from the standard zoning regulations. Granted for the benefit of an individual owner.
Cumulative Zoning
A multi-use district or zone. Allows for residential use in commercial zones and commercial use in industrial zones
Incentive Zoning
Allows waivers from specific restrictions for developments which provide certain public amenities.
Expanding Grid Development Pattern
• A city is formed at the junction of two roads and laid out • growth simply follows the grid until some natural feature, limiting population or economics stop it. • ex: Philadelphia
Star Development Pattern
• revolves around the urban core and development follows radial spokes of main highways or mass transits routes. • higher density development tends to form around the spokes • lower density development between the spokes
Field Pattern Development
• Has no central focus or apparent overall organization scheme. • development takes place in an amorphous network of highways and natural feature • ex: Los Angeles
Satellite Development Pattern
• central urban core with major cores surrounding it • the central core is linked to the others with major highways • often out cores are connected with a road system called a beltway • ex: Houston
Megalopolis Development Pattern
• two or more major urban centers near each other grow together as the space between is developed. • ex: Southern California
Slope % calculation
G = ( d / L ) X 100% G = slope of land % d = vertical distance between contours ft(m) L = horizontal distance between points of a slope ft(m)
O.S.H.A.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
P.U.D.
Planned Unit Development
City Beautiful Movement
movement in the United States and revived interest in urban planning.
The Image of the City
-Kevtn Lynch identified five basic elements of the urban image: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. -These are created by buildings, natural features, roads, and other components of the city.
Municipal Services
- police protection - fire protection - trash removal - street cleaning
Zoning
The division of a city or other governmental unit into districts, and the regulation of the use of land and the location and bulk of buildings on property within those districts.
market approach
The surrounding neighborhood or region is investigated to find properties that have recently sold or are on the market that are similar to the property being valued. Except for adjustments to reflect the unique nature of the property, the property is assumed to have the same value as that of the similar properties
income approach
Here, the basis is the potential the property has to yield a profit (income). The potential income is estimated (allowing for vacanciesand credit losses) > and then various expenses such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance are deducted. Because potential income is usually figured on a yearly basis, this amount must be capitalized to estimate the current, total value of the property
cost approach
the value of the land is estimated at its highest and best use. Then, the cost to replace the building or add improvements is calculated. The estimated accrued depreciation is figured and subtracted from the replacement cost or cost of the improvements. This adjusted amount is then added to the land value to give the total value of the property
Abatement
a reduction in the price of a property due to the discovery of some problem that tends to decrease the property’s value
Amortization
the payment of a loan over the life of the loan using equal payments at equal intervals. Each payment provides for a portion to be applied to the principal and the remainder to be applied to the interest.
Cluster housing
a particular type of hOUSing deVelopment in which the houses or apartments are placed close to each other and have access to nearby common open spaces
Easement
a portion of land of one ownership that another owner or a governmental agency has the right to use for a specific purpose
Fair market value (or Market value):
the value of a piece of property that a buyer would pay a seller in a free transaction for the property
Riparian rights:
the rights of a landowner to use or control all or a portion of the water in a body of water bordering his or her property
Programming Phases
- Establish objectives 2. Collect, organize, and analyze data 3. Establish priorities 4. State the problem 5.
Ingress
Entrance
Efficiency (of building)
Ratio of net to gross area of a building. 60% to 80%
Net Area
Sum of all usable floor space measured to inside face of enclosing walls or to lines of space separations. Does not include circulation or service areas.
Gross Area
Sum of all building areas measured to exterior face of perimeter walls.
Index formula
Index = (sf per student/station) / (hours per week classroom used x occupied when classroom is in use %)
Property Tax
Tax based on a property’s value (only for tax purposes - not market value)
Catchment Area
The geographic area from where the participants in a particular activity are drawn
