Plumbing Flashcards
Advantages of Copper Pipes
- corrosion resistant
- strength
- low friction loss
- small outside diameter
Advantages of Plastic Pipes
- lightweight
- easily joined
- produce los friction
- do not corrose
not all types are suitable for carrying potable water
Ways to prevent water hammering
Air Chamber - Air
Shock Arrestors - Gas
Installed at fixture branches. The trapped air is elastically compresses and expands to equalize the pressue and flow of water in the system.
Air Gap
The clear vertical distance between the spout of a faucet or other outlet of a suppl pipe and the flood level of a receptacle.
Prevent back-siphonage or backflow of used or contaminated water from a plumbing fixture into a pipe supplying potable water due to a negative pressure in the pipe.
Back Flow Preventer
Branch Drain
A drain that connects one ore more fixtures to a soil or waste stack.
Branch Interval
A length of soil or waste stack corresponding to a story height but never less than 8’ within which the horizontal branch drains from one floor are connected.
Building Trap
Installed in the building drain to prevent the passage of sewer gases from the building sewer to the drainage system of a buildings.
Common Vent
A vent that serves two fixture drains connected at the same level
Fixture Drain
A drain that extends from the trap to a junction with a waste or soil stack.
Horizontal drain line slope
- Pipes up to 3”Ø ⇒ 1/8: per foot (1:100)
- Pipes larger than 3”Ø ⇒ 1/4: per foot (1:50)
How are pipes sized?
sized according to the number oand types of plumbing fixtures served and pressure losses due to hydrolic friction and static head.
Locations of Septic Tanks
- 100’ from wells
- 50’ from streams
- 10’ from buildings and property lines
Loop Vent
A circuit vent that loops back and connects wtih a stack vent instead of a vent stack.
Copper Pipe Types
Type K - The heaviest type of copper pipe, and is thius the most appropriate for underground supply.
Type L - Thinner and is the most commono for supply lines in building systems.
Type M - The thinnest and is best for low-pressue supply.
Type DW - Only used for drainage, waste or vent piping (also low pressure)
K, L & M - available in soft or hard types.
Relief Vent
Provides circulation of air between a drainage and a venting system by connecting a vent stack to a horizontal drain between the first fixture and the soil or wast stack.
Septic Tank
A covered watertight tank for receiving the discharge from a building sewer, separating out the solid organic matter, which is decomposed and purified by anarobic bacteria, and allowing the clarified liquid to sicharge for final disposal.
Soil Stack
Carries the discharge from water closets or urinals to the building drain or sewer.
black water stack
Stack Vent
An extension of a spoil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
- directly above stack.*
- Extend 12” above roof surface and keep away from vertical surfaces, operable skylights and roof windows.*
Sump Pump
A pump that removes the accumulations of liquid from a pit.
Types of Plastic Pipes
Cold water supply lines
- PB - Polybutylene
- PE - polyethylene
- PCV - polyvinyl chloride
- CPVC - chlorinated polyvinyl choride
Hot water supply lines
- PB
- CPVC
Vent Stack
A vertical vent installed primarily to provide circulation of air to or from any part of a drainage system.
does not have a stack below it; parallel to stack.
Waste Stack
Carries the discharge from plumbing fixtures other than water closest or urinals.
gray water stack
Water Hammer
The concussion and banging noise that can occur when a vlume of water moving in a pipe is shut off abruptly.
Water pipe horizontal support spacing
6’ to 10’
