Sinstrukture Flashcards
What is Sv1TOMPv2I?
It is sentence structure.
- Subject
- verb 1
- Time
- Object
- Manner
- Place
- v2
- Infinitive
What is verlede tyd and the staring words?
Verlede tyd is past tense. There are 7 rules.
Gister, gisteraand, gisteroggend, verlede week, verlede maan, verlede jaar, die vorige…
What is the main rule of verlede tyd?
When you move the verb to the end of the sentence it goes before the infinitive, conjunction, before the “nie” AND BEFORE THE VERB ALREADY AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE
What is the first rule of verlede tyd?
Werkwoord at the end + ge en het.
If there is an infinitive, always put the verb before.
Eg. John jaag baie vinnig.
John het baie vinning gejaag
What is the second rule of verlede tyd?
Het + no ge
ge/be/her/er/ont/ver/mis
Eg. John verkies ‘n Honda
John het ‘n Honda verkies.
What is the third rule of verlede tyd?
The words change.
Wil - wou
Is - was
Sal - sou
Kan - kon
Mag - mog
Moet - moes
Eg. Ek is moeg
Ek was moeg
What is the fourth rule of verlede tyd?
There is already a het in the sentence. We add gehad.
Eg. Ek het baie boeke.
Ek het baie boeke gehad.
What is the fifth rule of verlede tyd?
There are 2 werkwoorde - at the same time.
We add one ge on the first verb
What is the sixth rule of verlede tyd?
There are 2 werkwoorde - not at the same time
Add two ge
Eg. Hy slaap and lees
Hy het geslaap en gelees
What is the seventh rule of verlede tyd?
Skeibare + Onskeibare
When there is a preposition as the last word (short). Add ge
Eg. John jaag die bult uit.
John het die bult uitgejaag
What is the additional rule of verlede tyd?
If the verb is hoor, sien, begin, laat, probeer, kom en gaan. There is a second verb at the end of the sentence. No ge.
Eg. Ek gaan rugby kyk.
Ek het rugby gaan kyk.
What is toekomende tyd? What are the starting words.
It is future tense. Use sal. The starting words are môre, môre oggend, môreaand, môremiddag, volgende week, volgende maand, volgende jaar en in die toekoms.
What is the first rule of toekomende tyd?
It is sal = werkwoord. Verb at end
Eg. Sy loop vinnig.
Sy sal vinnig loop.
What is the second rule of toekomende tyd?
If there is already a het add hê at the end.
Eg. Sy het ‘n kat
Sy sal ‘n kat hê
What is the third rule of toekomende tyd?
If there is an is add wees to the end.
Eg. Sy is stout.
Sy sal stout wee.
What is the fourth rule of toekomende tyd?
Skeibare and onskeibare - one word with verb.
Eg. John hou aan oefen.
John sal aanhou oefen.
What is the fifth rule of toekomende tyd?
Laat, kom, haar, voel, sien +ww.
Eg. Hy laat my sy kar ry.
Hy sal my sy kar laat ry
What is the sixth rule of toekomende tyd?
An helpwerkwoord + ww
Sy kan vinnig loop.
Sy sal vinning kan loop
What is the three basic rules?
- Drop punctuation
- Change pronouns
- Determine the type of sentence
What are the three types of sentences?
- Stelsin . Statement
- Vraagsin ? Question
- Bevelsin ! command
What is the magic word used for?
You add it to the beginning of the sentence
What is the stelsin magic word?
Dat
What is the vraagsin magic word?
Of, or the question word given
Eg. wie, waar, wat
What is the bevelsin magic word?
Om… te verb
What group is the magic words in and what does this mean?
The magic words are in group 3. This means the verbs go to the end.
What are auxiliary verbs and what happens?
Auxiliary verbs come before the main verbs. Eg. Sal, moet, kan wil
What words always start at the end? Mnemonic?
W(was), W(wees), W(word), H(het), I(is).
WWWHI
What does ek change to?
Male: Hy
Female: Sy
What does jy change to?
Male: Hy
Female: Sy
What does my change to?
Male: Sy
Female: Haar
What does myne change to?
Male: Syne
Female: Hare
What does ons change to?
Male: Hulle
Female: Hulle
What does julle change to?
Male: Hulle
Female: Hulle
What is voegwoorde?
It is conjunctions. Affects the ver in the sentence after the conjunction. There is three groups.
What is group 1 of voegwoorde? Name the words
Sin 1 - voegwoorde - sin 2
No change in word order
- Maar, of, want, en, dog, sowel, as, nog, of, inteendeel, trouens
What is group 2 of voegwoorde? Name the words
Sin 1 - voegwoorde - v1 - sin
No change in sin 1. Verb of second sin moves to the front
- Dan, daarna, dus, daarom, dehalwe
- Nogtans, nietemin
- Al, anders
- Toe, tog
- Gevolglik
- intussen
What is group 3 of voegwoorde? Name the words
Sin 1 - voegwoorde - sin 2 - verb 1
No change in sentence 1
Verb of sin 2 moves to end of sentence
When you have toe en nadat make sentence past tense.
- Dat, omdat, toldat, voordat, nadat, sodat, voordat,
- Wie, waar, waarom, wanneer, wat hoekom, hoeveel, hoe
- Aangesien, alhoewel, as, of, sodra, sedert, terwyl, toe, indien, mis
What is ontkennende vorm?
It tells you that the sentence is negative. Add nee at the beginning. Add nie after verb and at the end of the sentence.
What do you do with the vraagsin in ontkennende vorm?
Add nee. Swap the verb and the pronoun. Remove the?. Change pronouns.
Eg. Eet hulle?
Nee, hulle eet nie.
Eg. Hou jy van skool?
Nee, ek hou nie van skool nie.
What are the spesiale reels? on
If v1 has a pronoun or proper noun directly after it, the nie goes after pronoun/proper noun.
Eg.1 Jane klap Cindy
Nee, Jane klap Cindy nie.
Eg.2 Ek roep hom
Nee, ek roep hom nie
What are the woorde dat verander? ont
Takes place of the first nie. The second nie goes to the end. If there are double words we only negate the first one.
- Iets - niks
- Iemand - niemand
- Êrens - nêrens
- Altyd - nooit
- ooit - nooit
- Al - nog nie
- nog - nie meer
- al ooit - nog nooit
- nog iets - niks meer
- Een - geen
- al iemand - nog niemand
- òf … òf - nòg nòg
- sowel … as - nòg nòg
- alreeds - nog nie
Eg. Iemand sal die muis sien
Nee, niemand sal die muis sien nie
What are the bevelsin in ont?
Ends with !
Swop v1 met moenie en sluit v1 na v2
If there is a moet add asseblief
Moet asseblief nie
Eg. Maak die deur toe!
Nee, moenie die deur toemaak nie.
What is voegwoorde ont?
Geen nie’s
Add nog
Eg. Sara wil òf hardloop òf swem.
Nee, Sara wil nòg hardloop nòg swem.
What is lydende vorm?
Another form of stompi
O, word, T, M, deur + S, P, ge + v2, I
Present tense using word, deur, ge
Word replaces v1 and makes it v2
What are the steps for lydende vorm?
5 steps
Stap 1: verdeel sin in stompi
Stap 2: onderstreep die werkwoord
Stap 3: vervang met die lydende werkwoord
Stap 4: Plass word and deur
Stap 5: Begin met object
What is the voornaamwoorde dat moet verander?
- sy - haar
- ek - my
- jy - jou
- hy - hom
Eg. Hy wen die prys.
Die prys word deur hom gewen
What is the format of lydende vorm compared to STOMPI?
- S - O
- v1 - word
- t - t
- o - m
- m - deur + s
- p - p
- v2 - ge + v2
- i - i
