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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Signs & Symptoms; OPQRST > Flashcards

Signs & Symptoms; OPQRST Flashcards

1
Q

nociception=

A

-pain sensation

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2
Q

nociceptors=

A

-pain receptors

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3
Q

tissue damage results in release of __, __ P, histamine & __ __ (all nociceptive substances).
these substances __ pain signals by acting on __ nerve endings.

A
  • serotonin; substance; kinin peptides

- activate; free

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4
Q

__ pain conveyed by thin, __, type A __ fibers.

__, achy, hurting pain via __, slow type __ fibers.

A
  • sharp; myelinated; delta

- dull; unmyelinated; C

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5
Q

skin, joints, arterial walls & periosteum have a lot of=

A

-nociceptors

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6
Q

most important for patient to:

A

-identify where is the pain

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7
Q

aching=

A

muscle, tendon, ligament

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8
Q

bounding=

A

vascular, circulation

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9
Q

burning=

A

nerve root, arterial

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10
Q

cramp=

A

muscle

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11
Q

boring deep pain=

A

cancer, bone pain

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12
Q

unrelenting deep pain=

A

cancer, visceral

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13
Q

dull=

A

musculoskeletal, visceral

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14
Q

gnawing=

A

ulcer

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15
Q

radiating (well delineated)=

A

nerve (causalgia-burning pain from peripheral nerve)

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16
Q

radiating (diffuse)=

A

sclerotogenous or myogenous

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17
Q

sharp/localized=

A

facet, visceral referred

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18
Q

stabbing=

A

visceral

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19
Q

shooting=

A

nerve root, entrapement

20
Q

tearing=

A

anuerysm or severe pain

21
Q

throbbing=

A

vascular, circulation

22
Q

tingling (segmental)=

A

nerve root, peripheral nerve

23
Q

tingling (non-segmental)=

A
  • if bilateral: cord compression, MS, diabetes

- if unilateral: plexus

24
Q

(pain pattern)

dermatogenous=

A
  • pain along the sensory distribution of a nerve root

- sharp, stabbing, well demarcated

25
Q

(pain pattern)

myogenous=

A
  • pain referral within muscular or fascial tissue
  • trigger points within the muscle will refer pain to a distant site
  • myofacial
26
Q

(pain pattern)

scleratogenous=

A
  • pain referred from somatic structures (cartilage, ligament, joint capsule or bone)
  • typically will not follow dermatome
  • dull, achy, diffuse, difficult to pinpoint
27
Q

(timing of pain)

with use, better with rest=

A

-mechanical

28
Q

(timing of pain)

night pain=

A
  • serious (cancer)

- if aggravated by motion= mechanical

29
Q

(timing of pain)

pain at rest & worse w/ beginning of use=

A

-inflammatory

30
Q

(timing of pain)

constant=

A

-cancer, visceral

31
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: right shoulder inferior scapula
Organ?

A

-right lung, liver, gallbladder

32
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: left shoulder
Organ?

A

-left lung, stomach, spleen

33
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: jaw, neck, left shoulder & arm
Organ?

A

-heart

34
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: either shoulder
Organ?

A

-diaphragm

35
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: flank
Organ?

A

-kidney

36
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: substernal
Organ?

A

-esophagus, heart, lung

37
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: spine at T10
Organ?

A

-pancreas

38
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: suprapubic
Organ?

A

-bladder

39
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: occiput, forehead
Organ?

A

-eye

40
Q

(referred pain)
Site of referral: temporal HA
Organ?

A

-TMJ

41
Q

O=

A
  • Onset
  • WHEN did this problem occur?
  • if traumatic, ask the MOI
  • if chronic, ask prior episodes
42
Q

P=

A
  • Provocative/Palliative
  • WHAT makes it WORSE or BETTER?
  • does the problem interfere with daily living activities?
43
Q

Q=

A
  • Quality
  • DESCRIPTION of Pain (what kind of pain?)
  • bright, pricking, sharp, cutting, knifelike, lightning like
  • burning, hot, stinging
  • deep, aching, boring, pounding, sore, heavy, constricting, gnawing
44
Q

R=

A
  • Radiating
  • WHERE else?
  • does the pain stay in one place?
  • does the pain encompass a large area?
  • does the pain move from one location to another location?
45
Q

S=

A
  • Site/Severity
  • WHERE & HOW BAD?
  • can you show specifically where?
  • what other feelings occur at this site?
  • have pt rate the intensity (0-10 pain scale)
46
Q

T=

A
  • Timing
  • HOW OFTEN does it hurt?
  • is it all the time? come & go?
  • if intermittent: ask about frequency & duration of episodes
  • constant or occasiona? seasonal? certain time of day?

Orthopedic Diagnosis (20 decks)

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