Ortho. Terminology

Question 1

Strain:

Answer 1

an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature including the tendon.

clinical: -pain on contraction
- pain on active motion
- pain on resisted motion

Question 2

Sprain:

Answer 2

an overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue.

clinical: -pain on active or passive motion

Question 3

Bursitis:

Answer 3

inflammation of a bursa. if calcium infiltration has set in the term ‘calcific bursitis’. the anatomical location is also included, such as ‘subacromial bursitis’

Question 4

Capsulitis:

Answer 4

inflammation of a joint capsule. if characterized by adhesions, the term is ‘adhesive capsulitis’

Question 5

fibrositis:

Answer 5

inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layers. if the condition is non-inflammatory, the correct term is ‘fibrosis’

Question 6

muscular spasm:

Answer 6

involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types:

• tonic spasm (persistent)
• clonic spasm (alternating)

Question 7

myositis:

Answer 7

inflammation of voluntary muscle

Question 8

myofascitis:

Answer 8

inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone

Question 9

neuralgia:

Answer 9

paroxysmal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves

Question 10

Neuritis:

Answer 10

inflammation of a nerve. a condition which may be attended by pain and tenderness over the nerves. anesthesia and paresthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition.

Question 11

neuropathy:

Answer 11

a general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system. this condition is non-inflammatory.

Question 12

paresthesia:

Answer 12

a burning, prickling sensation over the skin

Question 13

radiculitis:

Answer 13

inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies bw the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal.

Question 14

synovitis:

Answer 14

inflammation of a synovial membrane. it is painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling. synovitis often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic synovitis, or urethral synovitis.

Question 15

tendinitis:

Answer 15

inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments. this term generally refers to the shorter tendons that do not have a synovial sheath.

Question 16

tenosynovitis:

Answer 16

this term usually refers to the longer tendons which have a sheath. it is assumed that the tendon and its sheath are inflamed.

Question 17

osteoarthritis:

Answer 17

non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons.
characterized by:
-degeneration of the articular cartilage
-hypertrophy of the bone at the margins
-changes in the synovial membrane

Question 18

spondylosis:

Answer 18

ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs

Question 19

rheumatoid arthritis:

Answer 19

chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology that begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself. it may run a mild course, or may go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity.

Question 20

marie-strumpell spondylitis:

Answer 20

a form of RA that affects the spine. it is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males. it begins w/ inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and may spread to the intervertebral and costrovertebral joints. it may produce ossification and ankylosing of the spine joints and can cause complete rigidity of the spine and thorax.

Question 21

osteoporosis:

Answer 21

a loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. it may result in deformities and pathological fractures

Question 22

tropism:

Answer 22

an asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebrae. one side may feature a saggital plane and the other a coronal plane

Question 23

sacralization:

Answer 23

anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum

Question 24

spina bifida:

Answer 24

a developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord. if the cord and meninges do not protrude, it is called spina bifida occulta. if the cord and meninges do protrude, it is called spina bifida cystica.