Lecture: Lumbar Spine

Question 1

__% of the population will experience __, __ to the common cold in __ visits. & the most expensive source of compensated __ related injury (in modern industrialized countries)

Answer 1

• 80
• LBP
• 2nd
• physician
• work

Question 2

upon inspection, skin markings such as:

often denote underlying neurologic or bony pathologies

Answer 2

• lipomatas
• hairy patches
• cafe-au-lait spots
• birth marks

Question 3

neurofibromatosis is a __ (autosomal dominate trait) disorder that produces __ spots and __ soft-tissue __ clustered along __ sheaths

Answer 3

• hereditary
• pigmented
• pedunculated
• nodules
• nerve

Question 4

neurofibromatosis: nodules develop during__, growing to more than __ cm in size.
nodules grow __ individuals life, reaching __ cm or more in size.

Answer 4

• childhood
• 0.5
• thru/o
• 1.5

Question 5

__ patches are usually seen over the __, __ & __ creases of the elbows and knees

Answer 5

• cafe-au-lait
• trunk
• pelvis
• flexor

Question 6

when a pt is standing at an __ or __ to one side or the other, may be a sign of a possible __ __, secondary to a __ __.

Answer 6

• inclination
• leaning
• sciatic scoliosis
• herniated disc

Question 7

a gibbus deformity: a sharp __ in the lower __, affecting the __ lordosis of the __ spine

Answer 7

• kyphosis
• thoracics
• normal
• lumbar

Question 8

if a palpable or __ step-off from one process to another may be indicative of a __ =

Answer 8

• visible

- spondyloslisthesis (anterior or posterior displacement of a vertebrae on the adjacent lower vertebrae)

Question 9

if there is a pars interarticularis defect, then it is a __ present. (see on __ x-rays)

Answer 9

• spondylolysis

- oblique

Question 10

a __ scale is used to measure spondylo’s.

ranges from grade _ to _.

Answer 10

• meyerdinger’s

- 1 to 4

Question 11

the articulations b/w two consecutive lumbar vertebrae form:

Answer 11

• 3 joints
• one: b/w the 2 vertebral bodies & the IVD
• other two: by the articulation of the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular processes of the vertebra above.

Question 12

in the intact lumbar vertebral column, the primary fxn of the z-joint is to:

Answer 12

-protect the motion segment from anterior shear forces, excessive rotation and flexion

Question 13

the umbilicus lies at the __-__ disc space at the point where the aorta divides into the __ __. the anterior portions of __, __ & __ bodies and discs are palpable below the __ division.

Answer 13

• L3-L4
• common iliacs
• L4, L5 & S1
• artery’s

Question 14

ligamentum flavum connects:

Answer 14

-two consecutive laminae

Question 15

interspinous ligament connects:

Answer 15

-two consecutive spinal processes

Question 16

supraspinous ligament connects:

Answer 16

-the tips of two adjacent spinous processes

Question 17

iliolumbar ligament functions to restrain __, __, __ __ and side-bending of __ on __.

Answer 17

• flexion
• extension
• axial rotation
• L5 on S1

Question 18

Pseduo ligaments: listed?

they resemble the membranous part of the __ system separating __ compartments, and do not have any __ fxn

Answer 18

• intertransverse, transforaminal & mamillo-accessory
• fascial
• paravertebral
• mechanical