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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Lecture: Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Lecture: Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical spine consists of __ joints, which allow for more __ than any other region.
__ being sacrificed for __, making the cervicals more vulnerable to both __ and __ trauma.

A
  • 37
  • mobility
  • stability
  • mobility
  • direct & indirect
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2
Q

surgical scars on the anterior portion of the neck most often indicates previous __ surgery

A

-thyroid

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3
Q

irregular pitted scars in the anterior triangle could be previous __ __.

A

-tuberculous adentis

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4
Q

facets in cervical spine=

A

45 degree orientation

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5
Q

facets in thoracic spine=

A

60 degree orientation

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6
Q

facets in lumbar spine=

A

90 degree orientation

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7
Q

each pair of vertebrae in the cervical region is connected by a number of articulations:

A
  • a pair of zygapophyseal joints
  • the uncovertebral joints (aka joints of luschka)
  • the IVD
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8
Q

cervical curve: __ curve that develops __ when child begins to lift head at __ months.
provides a __ __ mechanism to counteract the weight of the head (how many #’s?)

A
  • lordotic
  • secondary
  • 3-4
  • shock-absorbant
  • 8-10; 12-14
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9
Q

increased anterior head carriage=

A

-increased stress on posteriorly and on cord

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10
Q

weight of the head is directly above=

A

-center of gravity (cog)

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11
Q

in anterior head carriage (forward head translation), if the head is _ inches in front of cog, and estimated __ pounds of weight is produced in structures of the cervical spine

A
  • 3

- 30

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12
Q

hyoid bone location:

A

-opposite C3 level vertebral body

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13
Q

thyroid cartilage location:

A
  • “adam’s apple”

- level of the C4/C5 vertebral body

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14
Q

1st cricoid ring location:

A

-opposite C6 vertebral body

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15
Q

carotid tubercle location:

A

-C6 used as an anatomical landmark for anterior surgery

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16
Q

anterior cervical osteophytes are common __ __ on the front of the spine. most have __ symptoms, but occasionally will make __ difficult.

A
  • bony growths
  • no
  • swallowing
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17
Q

C7 is atypical bc?

A

-it’s not bifid

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18
Q

(*NB) craniometric point on EOP=

A

-inion

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19
Q

the __ facet of the contralateral side moves __-__ and over the tip of the __ articular facet of the involved side

A
  • superior
  • anterior-superior
  • inferior
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20
Q

there are __ z-joints from __ to __ vertebra.

these joints are typical __ joints and are covered with __ cartilage.

A
  • 14
  • C0-T1
  • synovial
  • hyaline
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21
Q

the uncovertebral joints (aka joints of luscka) extend from __ to __ vertebra, there is usually a total of __ saddle-shaped __ articulations.

A
  • C3-T1
  • 10
  • diarthrodial articulations
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22
Q

joints of luschka are formed bw the __ __ process found on the __ aspect of the superior surface of the __ vertebra, and the beveled __-__ aspect of the __ vertebra.

A
  • uncinate process
  • lateral
  • inferior
  • inferior-lateral
  • superior
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23
Q

intervertebral foramina (IVF) serve as the principal routes of __ and __ for the __ systems to and from the __ __.

A
  • entry & exit
  • neurovascular
  • vertebral canal
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24
Q

most common area for pathology in cervical spine=

A

-C5/C6

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25
Q

uncovertebral osteophytes may compress the __ __ and the cervical cord __.

A
  • nerve root

- posteriorly

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26
Q

the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) comprises of __ - __ segment and forms the __ __, thru which the __ structures of the __ extremities pass

A
  • C7-T1
  • thoracic outlet
  • neurovascular
  • upper
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27
Q

ALL: this ligament is __ in the __ c-spine but is __ in the __ c-spine than it is in the thoracic region.

A
  • narrower
  • upper
  • wider
  • lower
28
Q

PLL: this ligament is __ and considerably __ in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions

A
  • broader

- thicker

29
Q

trapezius is the most __ back muscle, extending from __ to __.
innervation for the trapezius comes from the __ __ nerve and fibers from the __ __ of the __ & __ cervical spinal nerves.

A
  • superficial
  • EOP to T12
  • spinal accessory
  • ventral rami
  • 3rd & 4th
30
Q

in a motor vehicle crash (MVA) the __ body moves __, __ remains in place and the __ curve is lost. essentially the head moves __.

A
  • lower
  • forward
  • head
  • cervical
  • superiorly
31
Q

in hyperextension the head arcs __ and the __ muscles __.

A
  • posterior
  • flexor
  • contract
32
Q

in hyper flexion the head rebounds __, __ structures __ and __ muscles __.

A
  • anterior
  • anterior
  • compress
  • extensor
  • stretch
33
Q

SCM: the __ muscle in the anterior neck.

attached inferiorly by _ heads, at the __ __ & the __. and attaches on the __ __.

A
  • largest
  • 2
  • medial clavicle
  • manubrium
  • mastoid processes
34
Q

torticollis aka?
associated w/ injury to the __ muscle on _ side at the time of __, and the muscle’s transformation into a __ __ that cannot __ with the growing neck.

A
  • wry neck
  • SCM
  • one
  • birth
  • fibrous cord
  • lengthen
35
Q

motor supply to the SCM is from the:
sensory supply is from the:
enlarged lymph nodes may indicate __ from the __ tract and can cause __.

A
  • accessory nerve
  • ventral rami of C2/C3
  • infection
  • respiratory
  • torticollis
36
Q

the levator scapulae is the major __ and __ of the __ angle of the scapula.

A
  • stabilizer
  • elevator
  • superior
37
Q

levator scapulae (while scapula is stabilized) produces __ and __ __ of the neck to the __ side. but bilaterally cervical __ is produced.

A
  • rotation
  • side bending
  • same
  • extension
38
Q

rhomboid minor attaches to the SP’s of __ & __. and has a __ association with the c-spine.

A
  • C7 & T1

- slight

39
Q

rhomboid major arises from SP’s of __ thru __, and is __ during __ head and neck movements.

A
  • T1-T5
  • inactive
  • isolated
40
Q

Clay Shoveler’s Fracture: type of __ avulsion injury. fracture of __ __ at the __.

A
  • hyperflexion
  • spinous process
  • base
41
Q

clay shoveler’s is most common at:
2nd most common at:
3rd most common at:

A
  • C7
  • C6
  • T1
42
Q

clay shoveler’s is considered __, but if the frx extends into the __, there is a greater potential for __ __ injury.

A
  • stable
  • lamina
  • spinal cord
43
Q

scalenes extend __ like ladders. and share a critical relationship with the __ __.

A
  • obliquely

- subclavian artery

44
Q

scalenes can __ and affect the mobility of the __ __. their __ attachments to the __ and __ ribs, when in spasm will __ the ribs and be implicated in __.

A
  • shorten
  • cervical spine
  • distal
  • 1st & 2nd
  • elevate
  • TOS
45
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the __ and __ of the outlet is __ and __.
and symptoms may worsen when arm is lifted __ shoulder __.

A
  • size
  • shape
  • compressed
  • narrowed
  • above
  • height
46
Q

thyroid gland location:

A

-lies anterior in line with C4/C5 vertebra

47
Q

carotid pulse:

A

-palpate one side at a time to avoid the carotid reflex

48
Q

parotid gland location:

if swollen this may indicate:

A
  • covers the angle of the mandible

- mumps

49
Q

the cervical spine is the only region that has more __ __ than __ levels.

A
  • nerve roots

- vertebral

50
Q

the 1st cervical disc is bw __ and __, and is named the __ disc.

A
  • C2 & C3

- C2

51
Q

the first nerve root exits bw __ and __, and is named __ nerve root

A
  • C0 & C1

- C1

52
Q

the last nerve exits bw __ and __, and is named __ nerve root

A
  • C7 & T1

- C8

53
Q

structures supplied by the __ __ cervical nerves can cause __ and __ pain.

A
  • upper three
  • head
  • neck
54
Q

mid to lower cervical nerves can refer symptoms to the __, anterior __, upper __ and __ area.

A
  • shoulder
  • chest
  • limb
  • scapular
55
Q

all of the nerves from the roots, __, divisions, __ and __ innervate the __ extremity.

A
  • trunks
  • cords
  • branches
  • upper
56
Q

the upper extremity can be affected via the __ __ by a __ __ or a __.

A
  • brachial plexus
  • disc pathology
  • space occupying lesion (SOL)
57
Q

muscle testing (in a neurological exam) will indicate the presence of any __ __ which could affect the __ of the neck and will demonstrate the __ of the __ supply.

A
  • motor weakness
  • motion
  • integrity
  • nerve
58
Q

Jefferson Fracture: aka?
occurs with __ load or vertebral __.
highly __, occurs in pts. w/ __ __ & __.

A
  • burst
  • axial
  • compression
  • unstable
  • down syndrome
  • RA
59
Q

most frequent cause of jefferson frx?

may also occur from a __ or falling onto the __ from a __.

A
  • diving into shallow water
  • MVA
  • head
  • height
60
Q

Hangman’s Fracture: fracture of the __ __ of __ and disruption of the __-__ jxn.

A
  • pars interarticularis
  • C2
  • C2-C3
61
Q

in hangman’s frx there will usually be significant __ __ w/ accompanying damage to the __ w/ or w/o damage of the __-__ interspace.

A
  • horizontal translation
  • PLL
  • C2-C3
62
Q

MOI for hangman’s frx: __ on the __ forcing the neck into __, producing __ thru the __ of __, know as traumatic __ of __.

A
  • blow
  • forehead
  • extension
  • fractures
  • pedicles
  • C2
  • spondyloslisthesis
  • C2
63
Q

clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology include:

A
  • unexplained weight loss
  • night pain
  • involvement of more than 1 nerve root
  • expanding pain
  • weak & painful resisted testing
  • spasm w/ PROM
  • T1 palsy
64
Q

a major contributor to cervicogenic pain is a __ of __ control due to poor __ fxn.

A
  • lack
  • postural
  • neuromuscular
65
Q

50% of flexion + extension occurs b/w:

A

C0 & C1

66
Q

50% of rotation occurs b/w:

A

C1 & C2

67
Q 
Kippel-Feil Deformity: 
hair line?
\_\_ segmentation, \_\_ anomalies of at least _ cervical vertebra
length of neck?
motion?
A
  • low & posterior
  • congenital, fusion, 2
  • short
  • reduced

Orthopedic Diagnosis (20 decks)

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