Lecture: Cervical Spine Flashcards
Cervical spine consists of __ joints, which allow for more __ than any other region.
__ being sacrificed for __, making the cervicals more vulnerable to both __ and __ trauma.
- 37
- mobility
- stability
- mobility
- direct & indirect
surgical scars on the anterior portion of the neck most often indicates previous __ surgery
-thyroid
irregular pitted scars in the anterior triangle could be previous __ __.
-tuberculous adentis
facets in cervical spine=
45 degree orientation
facets in thoracic spine=
60 degree orientation
facets in lumbar spine=
90 degree orientation
each pair of vertebrae in the cervical region is connected by a number of articulations:
- a pair of zygapophyseal joints
- the uncovertebral joints (aka joints of luschka)
- the IVD
cervical curve: __ curve that develops __ when child begins to lift head at __ months.
provides a __ __ mechanism to counteract the weight of the head (how many #’s?)
- lordotic
- secondary
- 3-4
- shock-absorbant
- 8-10; 12-14
increased anterior head carriage=
-increased stress on posteriorly and on cord
weight of the head is directly above=
-center of gravity (cog)
in anterior head carriage (forward head translation), if the head is _ inches in front of cog, and estimated __ pounds of weight is produced in structures of the cervical spine
- 3
- 30
hyoid bone location:
-opposite C3 level vertebral body
thyroid cartilage location:
- “adam’s apple”
- level of the C4/C5 vertebral body
1st cricoid ring location:
-opposite C6 vertebral body
carotid tubercle location:
-C6 used as an anatomical landmark for anterior surgery
anterior cervical osteophytes are common __ __ on the front of the spine. most have __ symptoms, but occasionally will make __ difficult.
- bony growths
- no
- swallowing
C7 is atypical bc?
-it’s not bifid
(*NB) craniometric point on EOP=
-inion
the __ facet of the contralateral side moves __-__ and over the tip of the __ articular facet of the involved side
- superior
- anterior-superior
- inferior
there are __ z-joints from __ to __ vertebra.
these joints are typical __ joints and are covered with __ cartilage.
- 14
- C0-T1
- synovial
- hyaline
the uncovertebral joints (aka joints of luscka) extend from __ to __ vertebra, there is usually a total of __ saddle-shaped __ articulations.
- C3-T1
- 10
- diarthrodial articulations
joints of luschka are formed bw the __ __ process found on the __ aspect of the superior surface of the __ vertebra, and the beveled __-__ aspect of the __ vertebra.
- uncinate process
- lateral
- inferior
- inferior-lateral
- superior
intervertebral foramina (IVF) serve as the principal routes of __ and __ for the __ systems to and from the __ __.
- entry & exit
- neurovascular
- vertebral canal
most common area for pathology in cervical spine=
-C5/C6
uncovertebral osteophytes may compress the __ __ and the cervical cord __.
- nerve root
- posteriorly
the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) comprises of __ - __ segment and forms the __ __, thru which the __ structures of the __ extremities pass
- C7-T1
- thoracic outlet
- neurovascular
- upper
ALL: this ligament is __ in the __ c-spine but is __ in the __ c-spine than it is in the thoracic region.
- narrower
- upper
- wider
- lower
PLL: this ligament is __ and considerably __ in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions
- broader
- thicker
trapezius is the most __ back muscle, extending from __ to __.
innervation for the trapezius comes from the __ __ nerve and fibers from the __ __ of the __ & __ cervical spinal nerves.
- superficial
- EOP to T12
- spinal accessory
- ventral rami
- 3rd & 4th
in a motor vehicle crash (MVA) the __ body moves __, __ remains in place and the __ curve is lost. essentially the head moves __.
- lower
- forward
- head
- cervical
- superiorly
in hyperextension the head arcs __ and the __ muscles __.
- posterior
- flexor
- contract
in hyper flexion the head rebounds __, __ structures __ and __ muscles __.
- anterior
- anterior
- compress
- extensor
- stretch
SCM: the __ muscle in the anterior neck.
attached inferiorly by _ heads, at the __ __ & the __. and attaches on the __ __.
- largest
- 2
- medial clavicle
- manubrium
- mastoid processes
torticollis aka?
associated w/ injury to the __ muscle on _ side at the time of __, and the muscle’s transformation into a __ __ that cannot __ with the growing neck.
- wry neck
- SCM
- one
- birth
- fibrous cord
- lengthen
motor supply to the SCM is from the:
sensory supply is from the:
enlarged lymph nodes may indicate __ from the __ tract and can cause __.
- accessory nerve
- ventral rami of C2/C3
- infection
- respiratory
- torticollis
the levator scapulae is the major __ and __ of the __ angle of the scapula.
- stabilizer
- elevator
- superior
levator scapulae (while scapula is stabilized) produces __ and __ __ of the neck to the __ side. but bilaterally cervical __ is produced.
- rotation
- side bending
- same
- extension
rhomboid minor attaches to the SP’s of __ & __. and has a __ association with the c-spine.
- C7 & T1
- slight
rhomboid major arises from SP’s of __ thru __, and is __ during __ head and neck movements.
- T1-T5
- inactive
- isolated
Clay Shoveler’s Fracture: type of __ avulsion injury. fracture of __ __ at the __.
- hyperflexion
- spinous process
- base
clay shoveler’s is most common at:
2nd most common at:
3rd most common at:
- C7
- C6
- T1
clay shoveler’s is considered __, but if the frx extends into the __, there is a greater potential for __ __ injury.
- stable
- lamina
- spinal cord
scalenes extend __ like ladders. and share a critical relationship with the __ __.
- obliquely
- subclavian artery
scalenes can __ and affect the mobility of the __ __. their __ attachments to the __ and __ ribs, when in spasm will __ the ribs and be implicated in __.
- shorten
- cervical spine
- distal
- 1st & 2nd
- elevate
- TOS
thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the __ and __ of the outlet is __ and __.
and symptoms may worsen when arm is lifted __ shoulder __.
- size
- shape
- compressed
- narrowed
- above
- height
thyroid gland location:
-lies anterior in line with C4/C5 vertebra
carotid pulse:
-palpate one side at a time to avoid the carotid reflex
parotid gland location:
if swollen this may indicate:
- covers the angle of the mandible
- mumps
the cervical spine is the only region that has more __ __ than __ levels.
- nerve roots
- vertebral
the 1st cervical disc is bw __ and __, and is named the __ disc.
- C2 & C3
- C2
the first nerve root exits bw __ and __, and is named __ nerve root
- C0 & C1
- C1
the last nerve exits bw __ and __, and is named __ nerve root
- C7 & T1
- C8
structures supplied by the __ __ cervical nerves can cause __ and __ pain.
- upper three
- head
- neck
mid to lower cervical nerves can refer symptoms to the __, anterior __, upper __ and __ area.
- shoulder
- chest
- limb
- scapular
all of the nerves from the roots, __, divisions, __ and __ innervate the __ extremity.
- trunks
- cords
- branches
- upper
the upper extremity can be affected via the __ __ by a __ __ or a __.
- brachial plexus
- disc pathology
- space occupying lesion (SOL)
muscle testing (in a neurological exam) will indicate the presence of any __ __ which could affect the __ of the neck and will demonstrate the __ of the __ supply.
- motor weakness
- motion
- integrity
- nerve
Jefferson Fracture: aka?
occurs with __ load or vertebral __.
highly __, occurs in pts. w/ __ __ & __.
- burst
- axial
- compression
- unstable
- down syndrome
- RA
most frequent cause of jefferson frx?
may also occur from a __ or falling onto the __ from a __.
- diving into shallow water
- MVA
- head
- height
Hangman’s Fracture: fracture of the __ __ of __ and disruption of the __-__ jxn.
- pars interarticularis
- C2
- C2-C3
in hangman’s frx there will usually be significant __ __ w/ accompanying damage to the __ w/ or w/o damage of the __-__ interspace.
- horizontal translation
- PLL
- C2-C3
MOI for hangman’s frx: __ on the __ forcing the neck into __, producing __ thru the __ of __, know as traumatic __ of __.
- blow
- forehead
- extension
- fractures
- pedicles
- C2
- spondyloslisthesis
- C2
clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology include:
- unexplained weight loss
- night pain
- involvement of more than 1 nerve root
- expanding pain
- weak & painful resisted testing
- spasm w/ PROM
- T1 palsy
a major contributor to cervicogenic pain is a __ of __ control due to poor __ fxn.
- lack
- postural
- neuromuscular
50% of flexion + extension occurs b/w:
C0 & C1
50% of rotation occurs b/w:
C1 & C2
Kippel-Feil Deformity: hair line? \_\_ segmentation, \_\_ anomalies of at least _ cervical vertebra length of neck? motion?
- low & posterior
- congenital, fusion, 2
- short
- reduced
