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Block 3 Week 1 > Sievert GI Embryology > Flashcards

Sievert GI Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral and rostal caudal folding incorporates both the (blank) and (blank) into the embryo.

A

gut tube and coelom

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2
Q

(blank) are incorporated into the body cavity during folding.

A

2 coelomic cavities

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3
Q

The (Blank) is supported between the lining of the two coelomic sacs.

A

gut tube

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4
Q

What is the lining of the coelomic sacs called?

A

mesentary

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5
Q

Initially there is what kind of mesentary? What happens to it?

A

there is a dorsal and ventral mesentary the entire length of the gut tube.
The ventral later deteriorates through most of the tube

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6
Q

As folding progresses the yolk sac gets pinched down to form a (blank).

A

gut tube

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7
Q

As folding progresses the yolk sac gets pinched down to form a gut tube with a (blank) connecting to the remaining yolk sac

A

stalk (vitelline duct)

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8
Q

The mucosa and glands of the GI tract arise from the (blank) and the surrounding CT and SM comes from (blank) .

A

endoderm

splachnic mesoderm of the lateral plate

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9
Q

What is the lining of the coelomic sacs from each side of the gut tube and is the pathway for vessels and nerves to reach abdominal organs?

A

mesentaries

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10
Q

Do we always have mesentaries?

A

no, they persist only when necessary

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11
Q

What is 2 layers of peritoneum with invested nerves and blood vessels?

A

mesentary!

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12
Q

Why do we have ventral mesentary in some places but not others?

A

because in some places we have structures that are anterior to the gut tube developmentally such as the liver, gall bladder etc. You need a mesentary here to support the development of these.

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13
Q

Where do you need to maintain a ventral mesentary (discontinuous)?

A

the foregut

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14
Q

When do you have a continuous mesentary?

A

when you have no ventral mesentary

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15
Q

Anywhere below the foregut (midgut or hindgut) what kind of mesentary will you have?

A

continuous

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16
Q

What region undergoes rotation that takes the ventral mesentary and creates the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

the foregut

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17
Q

The dorsal mesentary is found throughout the entire length of the abdominal gut tube, but the ventral mesentary is only found in the region of the (blank) where it supports the liver and gall bladder.

A

foregut

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18
Q

The (blank) and the (blank) represent the two components of the ventral mesentary that remain in the adult.

A

the lesser omentum and the falciform ligament

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19
Q

The (blank) is important because it supports the umbilical vein.

A

falciform ligament

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20
Q

What is the only way to get into the right coelomic sac in the region of the foregut?

A

through the epiploic foramen

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21
Q

Is there anything in the periotoneal sac?

A

no

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22
Q

What does intraperitoneal mean?

A

sandwiched between continuous peritoneum

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23
Q

Where is there continuous mesentary?

A

midgut and hindgut

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24
Q

What does it mean to be peritonealized?

A

it is intraperitoneal

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25
Q

Although most of the gut tube has a mesentary initially, some structures (blank) their mesentary during future development

A

lose

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26
Q

Structures that never have a mesentary are primarily (blank).

A

retroperitoneal

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27
Q

Structures that lose their mesentary are (blank)

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

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28
Q

Are these primarily or secondarily retroperitoneal?

distal portion of rectum, anal canal, kidneys, UG system, thoracic esophagus.

A

Primarily retroperitoneal

29
Q

Are these primarily or secondarily retroperitoneal?

pancreas, ascending and descending colon, duodenum.

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

30
Q

What is the artery to the foregut?

A

the celiac trunk

31
Q

What is the artery to the midgut?

A

superior mesentaric

32
Q

What is the artery to the hindgut?

A

inferior mesentaric

33
Q

Where does the midgut end at and where is it at?

A

the left colic flexure (just like vagus)

Goes to the rest of duodenum to the distal third of transverse colon.

34
Q

Where is the foregut at?

A

just past the opening of the bile duct and pancreatic duct in the duodenum

35
Q

Where does the hindgut end?

A

distal third of transverse colon to the proximal anal canal

36
Q

The stomach undergoes a 90 degree rotation with the (blank) surface turning to the right and the (blank) surface turning to the left. What happens to the ventral mesentary?

A

anterior (lesser)
posterior (greater)
Moves to the right

37
Q

Which surface of the stomach is the lesser curvature?

A

the anterior

38
Q

As the greater curvature of the stomach undergoes expanded growth, the dorsal mesentary needs to expand to accomodate both the growth and expansion. This expansion creates the (blank).

A

greater omentum

39
Q

The space behind the lesser omentum is known as the (blank)

A

lesser sac

40
Q

The space behind the lesser omentum (lesser sac) retains a small area of continuity with the greater sac through an opening know as the (blank)

A

epiploic foramen

41
Q

The greater omentum is made up of (blank) layers of mesentary

A

four

42
Q

dorsal mesogastrium is the same things as (blank)

the omental bursa is the same thing as (blank)

A

dorsal mesentary

lesser sac

43
Q

What is the ligament that connects the liver to the body wall?

A

falciform ligament

44
Q

What is the mesentary from the stomach to the liver?

A

lesser omentum

45
Q

The liver, gall bladder, and ventral pancreatic buds are all attached to the (blank) at the same place. There is a separate dorsal pancreatic bud!

A

duodenum

46
Q

Differential growth and rotation in the wall of the duodenum moves the opening of the bile duct around to the (blank) surface.

A

dorsal

47
Q

Although the two pancreatic buds have separate ducts at the beginning of development, the duct forming the dorsal bud eventually merges with the duct from the ventral bud with often only a short (blank) remaining.

A

accessory duct

48
Q

The twisting that the ventral pancreas undergoes can cause (blanK)

A

a constriction

49
Q

The midgut loop is centered on the (blank) with the cecum, ascending and transverse colon in the caudal half of the loop.

A

superior mesentaric artery

50
Q

How does the midgut loop rotate?

A

counterclockwise 270 degrees

51
Q

THe rotation of the midgut around the superior mesentaric artery results in what part of the gut getting trapped under the SMA?

A

the duodenum

52
Q

The midgut rotation causes the (blank) to frame the small bowel around the periphery and puts the (blank) in the lower right quadrant and the (blank) on the left side.

A

colon
cecum
descending colon

53
Q

The rostral portion of the (blank X 3) will rotate counterclockwise within the midgut rotation

A

cecum, ascending and transverse colon

54
Q

Completion of the midgut rotation takes place in the (blank)

A

abdomen

55
Q

The completion of rotation begins at the (blank) when the midgut begins to reenter the abdomen.

A

10th week

56
Q

The early rotation takes place (blank) of the fetus because of the rapid growth of the tube relative to the fetus. The final completion of rotation takes place in the abdominal cavity

A

outside

57
Q

Any form of rotation of parts of the gut tube can be dangerous because of the potential for (blank).

A

disrupting blood supply and causing gangrene

58
Q

(blank) is an abnormal rotation and can be caused by many different pathologies like surgical adhesions, abnormal rotations etc.

A

volvulus

59
Q

(blank) is when the lateral walls of abdomen do not close completely. The expanding GI tract protrudes through this opening. (common in cocaine using moms). Survival rate is good. Herniation is not covered by amnion and are exposed to amniotic fluid.

A

gastroschisis

60
Q

(blank) is a herniation of abdominal viscera through an enlarged umbilical ring. There was a failure of the intestinal loops to return to the body cavity from the umbilical cord after normal physiological herniation. These are covered with epithelium of umbilical cord (amnion). Associated with severe defects and mortality.
Bowel loops not exposed to amniotic fluid

A

Omphalocele

61
Q

What is when your Gi tract grown outside your body? Is it exposed to amniotic fluid?

A

gastroschisis

yes

62
Q

What is a herniation of bowels? Is it exposed to amniotic fluid?

A

omphalocele

no

63
Q

What is the most common GI developmental abnormality?

A

Meckel’s or ileal diverticulum

64
Q

Most common GI developmental abnormality (Meckel’s or ileal diverticulum) results when a small portion of the (blank) persists.Occurs in 2% to 4% of all people; asymptomatic. Because it is a diverticulum, in the adult, there may be ulceration, bleeding or perforation.

A

vitelline duct

65
Q

What is the rule of 2 that Meckel’s follows?

A

2% of pop, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2 inches in length, 2% symptomatic, 2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic),2 years is most common age, 2 times more common in males

66
Q

What exists in many forms and can cause a variety of strangulation problems?

A

rotation anomalies

67
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

the separation between endoderm and ectoderm derivatives.

68
Q

The endodermal portion (hindgut) of the anal canal is innervated by (Blank). Does it sense pain?
The ectodermal portion (proctode) of the anal canal is innervated by (blank). Does it sense pain?

A

ANS, No

Cutaneous nerves, yes

69
Q

(blank) is a failure of migration of neural crest cells into the developing gut tube. Usually affects the rectum and sigmoid colon and results in a section of the gut tube which is lacking ganglia and unable to contract.

A

Hirschsprung disease or aganglionic megacolon

Block 3 Week 1 (18 decks)

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