Sievert GI Embryology Flashcards by Danielle Hayes

Lateral and rostal caudal folding incorporates both the (blank) and (blank) into the embryo.

gut tube and coelom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(blank) are incorporated into the body cavity during folding.

2 coelomic cavities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The (Blank) is supported between the lining of the two coelomic sacs.

gut tube

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the lining of the coelomic sacs called?

mesentary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Initially there is what kind of mesentary? What happens to it?

there is a dorsal and ventral mesentary the entire length of the gut tube.
The ventral later deteriorates through most of the tube

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As folding progresses the yolk sac gets pinched down to form a (blank).

gut tube

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As folding progresses the yolk sac gets pinched down to form a gut tube with a (blank) connecting to the remaining yolk sac

stalk (vitelline duct)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The mucosa and glands of the GI tract arise from the (blank) and the surrounding CT and SM comes from (blank) .

endoderm

splachnic mesoderm of the lateral plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the lining of the coelomic sacs from each side of the gut tube and is the pathway for vessels and nerves to reach abdominal organs?

mesentaries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do we always have mesentaries?

no, they persist only when necessary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 2 layers of peritoneum with invested nerves and blood vessels?

mesentary!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why do we have ventral mesentary in some places but not others?

because in some places we have structures that are anterior to the gut tube developmentally such as the liver, gall bladder etc. You need a mesentary here to support the development of these.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do you need to maintain a ventral mesentary (discontinuous)?

the foregut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When do you have a continuous mesentary?

when you have no ventral mesentary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anywhere below the foregut (midgut or hindgut) what kind of mesentary will you have?

continuous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What region undergoes rotation that takes the ventral mesentary and creates the greater curvature of the stomach?

the foregut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The dorsal mesentary is found throughout the entire length of the abdominal gut tube, but the ventral mesentary is only found in the region of the (blank) where it supports the liver and gall bladder.

foregut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The (blank) and the (blank) represent the two components of the ventral mesentary that remain in the adult.

the lesser omentum and the falciform ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The (blank) is important because it supports the umbilical vein.

falciform ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the only way to get into the right coelomic sac in the region of the foregut?

through the epiploic foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is there anything in the periotoneal sac?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does intraperitoneal mean?

sandwiched between continuous peritoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is there continuous mesentary?

midgut and hindgut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does it mean to be peritonealized?

it is intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Although most of the gut tube has a mesentary initially, some structures (blank) their mesentary during future development

lose

Structures that never have a mesentary are primarily (blank).

retroperitoneal

Structures that lose their mesentary are (blank)

secondarily retroperitoneal

Are these primarily or secondarily retroperitoneal? | distal portion of rectum, anal canal, kidneys, UG system, thoracic esophagus.

Primarily retroperitoneal

Are these primarily or secondarily retroperitoneal? | pancreas, ascending and descending colon, duodenum.

secondarily retroperitoneal

What is the artery to the foregut?

the celiac trunk

What is the artery to the midgut?

superior mesentaric

What is the artery to the hindgut?

inferior mesentaric

Where does the midgut end at and where is it at?

the left colic flexure (just like vagus) | Goes to the rest of duodenum to the distal third of transverse colon.

Where is the foregut at?

just past the opening of the bile duct and pancreatic duct in the duodenum

Where does the hindgut end?

distal third of transverse colon to the proximal anal canal

The stomach undergoes a 90 degree rotation with the (blank) surface turning to the right and the (blank) surface turning to the left. What happens to the ventral mesentary?

anterior (lesser) posterior (greater) Moves to the right

Which surface of the stomach is the lesser curvature?

the anterior

As the greater curvature of the stomach undergoes expanded growth, the dorsal mesentary needs to expand to accomodate both the growth and expansion. This expansion creates the (blank).

greater omentum

The space behind the lesser omentum is known as the (blank)

lesser sac

The space behind the lesser omentum (lesser sac) retains a small area of continuity with the greater sac through an opening know as the (blank)

epiploic foramen

The greater omentum is made up of (blank) layers of mesentary

four

dorsal mesogastrium is the same things as (blank) | the omental bursa is the same thing as (blank)

dorsal mesentary | lesser sac

What is the ligament that connects the liver to the body wall?

falciform ligament

What is the mesentary from the stomach to the liver?

lesser omentum

The liver, gall bladder, and ventral pancreatic buds are all attached to the (blank) at the same place. There is a separate dorsal pancreatic bud!

duodenum

Differential growth and rotation in the wall of the duodenum moves the opening of the bile duct around to the (blank) surface.

dorsal

Although the two pancreatic buds have separate ducts at the beginning of development, the duct forming the dorsal bud eventually merges with the duct from the ventral bud with often only a short (blank) remaining.

accessory duct

The twisting that the ventral pancreas undergoes can cause (blanK)

a constriction

The midgut loop is centered on the (blank) with the cecum, ascending and transverse colon in the caudal half of the loop.

superior mesentaric artery

How does the midgut loop rotate?

counterclockwise 270 degrees

THe rotation of the midgut around the superior mesentaric artery results in what part of the gut getting trapped under the SMA?

the duodenum

The midgut rotation causes the (blank) to frame the small bowel around the periphery and puts the (blank) in the lower right quadrant and the (blank) on the left side.

colon cecum descending colon

The rostral portion of the (blank X 3) will rotate counterclockwise within the midgut rotation

cecum, ascending and transverse colon

Completion of the midgut rotation takes place in the (blank)

abdomen

The completion of rotation begins at the (blank) when the midgut begins to reenter the abdomen.

10th week

The early rotation takes place (blank) of the fetus because of the rapid growth of the tube relative to the fetus. The final completion of rotation takes place in the abdominal cavity

outside

Any form of rotation of parts of the gut tube can be dangerous because of the potential for (blank).

disrupting blood supply and causing gangrene

(blank) is an abnormal rotation and can be caused by many different pathologies like surgical adhesions, abnormal rotations etc.

volvulus

(blank) is when the lateral walls of abdomen do not close completely. The expanding GI tract protrudes through this opening. (common in cocaine using moms). Survival rate is good. Herniation is not covered by amnion and are exposed to amniotic fluid.

gastroschisis

(blank) is a herniation of abdominal viscera through an enlarged umbilical ring. There was a failure of the intestinal loops to return to the body cavity from the umbilical cord after normal physiological herniation. These are covered with epithelium of umbilical cord (amnion). Associated with severe defects and mortality. Bowel loops not exposed to amniotic fluid

Omphalocele

What is when your Gi tract grown outside your body? Is it exposed to amniotic fluid?

gastroschisis | yes

What is a herniation of bowels? Is it exposed to amniotic fluid?

omphalocele | no

What is the most common GI developmental abnormality?

Meckel's or ileal diverticulum

Most common GI developmental abnormality (Meckel's or ileal diverticulum) results when a small portion of the (blank) persists.Occurs in 2% to 4% of all people; asymptomatic. Because it is a diverticulum, in the adult, there may be ulceration, bleeding or perforation.

vitelline duct

What is the rule of 2 that Meckel's follows?

2% of pop, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2 inches in length, 2% symptomatic, 2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic),2 years is most common age, 2 times more common in males

What exists in many forms and can cause a variety of strangulation problems?

rotation anomalies

What is the pectinate line?

the separation between endoderm and ectoderm derivatives.

The endodermal portion (hindgut) of the anal canal is innervated by (Blank). Does it sense pain? The ectodermal portion (proctode) of the anal canal is innervated by (blank). Does it sense pain?

ANS, No | Cutaneous nerves, yes

(blank) is a failure of migration of neural crest cells into the developing gut tube. Usually affects the rectum and sigmoid colon and results in a section of the gut tube which is lacking ganglia and unable to contract.

Hirschsprung disease or aganglionic megacolon