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Block 3 Week 1 > Highison Oral Cavity and Esophagus > Flashcards

Highison Oral Cavity and Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

The lumen of GI tract is physically & functionally (blank)

A

external to body

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2
Q

(blank) is the surface across which most substances enter the body

A

Alimentary canal mucosa

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3
Q

The alimentary canal mucosa has 4 main functions, what are they?

A

secretion, asborption, barrier, immunological functions

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4
Q

The oral cavity/ mouth consists of what?

A

tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands and tonsils

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5
Q

The oral cavity is broken into two components, what are they?

A

oral cavity proper and vestibule

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6
Q

The masticatory mucosa on the gingiva and hard palate are made up of what kinds of epithelium?

A

Masticatory mucosa->keratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamos

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7
Q

What mucosa lines everywhere besides the gingiva, hard palate and tongue?

A

Lining mucose->stratified squamos and parakeratinized stratified squamos

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8
Q

where in the oral cavity do you find specialized (gustatory mucosa)?

A

on the tongue ( w/ papillae and taste buds on dorsal surface)

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9
Q

(blank) means that it is stratified squamos epithelium wihere the surface cells contain their nuclei.

A

parakeritinized

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10
Q

What kind of epithelium is the vermillion (lip)

A

parakeratinized

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11
Q

The lip consists of a (blank) core called the orbicularis oris. It is also highly (blank) and contains labial glands AKA (blank).

A

skeletal muscle
vascularized
minor salivary glands

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12
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there?

How many permanent?

A

20

32

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13
Q

What is enamel derived from?

What is dentin derived from?

A

ameloblasts-> ectoderm

odontoblasts-> neural crest cells

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14
Q

THe crown is above the gumline while the (blank) is below it. The gumline is referred to as the (blank)

A

root

neck

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15
Q

The tooth is embedded into bone via the (blank)

A

peridontal ligament and cementum

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16
Q

The pulp chamber contains (blank) and (blank) and continues from the root to the neck into the crown.

A

nerves and blood vessels

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17
Q

(blank) is made up of tubules.

A

dentin

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18
Q

The gingival sulcus is the area that is measured to see the depth of your teeth. As you get older your gingival sulcus (blank) and exposes dental tubules to everything you eat and drink.

A

increases

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19
Q

Does enamel regenerate?

A

no

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20
Q

The (blank) surface is on top and the (blank) surface is underneath

A

dorsal

ventral

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21
Q

The lingual frenulum is on the ventral surface of the tongue and is the (blank) that connects you tongue to the bottom of your mouth. On either side of the frenulum are the deep (blank) veins

A

flap of skin

lingual veins

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22
Q

On dorsal surface of tongue-> anterior 2/3rds will contain (blank) . The posterior 1/3rd is (blank). What separates these two portions of the tongue?

A

4 types of lingual papilla
lingual tonsil.
sulcus terminalis

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23
Q

Where type of papillae is found on the sulcus terminalis?

A

circumvallate papillae

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24
Q

The papillae on the dorsal surface on the tongue is mostly (blank) papillae which lack (blank) but are used to create friction and to scrape things. Found on the sides/margin of the tongue are mostly (blank) papilla (have taste buds). The third kind found on the dorsal side of the tongue is the (BLANK) papilla but they disappear so you find them mostly in newborns.

A

filliform, taste buds
fungiform
foliate

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25
Q

Taste buds are present on (blank), (blank) and (blank) papillae, and what three other places?

A

fungiform, foliate, circumvallate papillae

oral pharynx, soft palate, posterior surface of epiglottis

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26
Q

What are taste buds made up of?

A

neuroepithelial sensory cells
supporting cells
basal cells (stem cells)

27
Q

(blank) consists of bone covered in keritinized stratified squamos epithelium.

A

Hard palate

28
Q

The palate is composed of the soft and hard palate, the anterior 2/3rds is hard palate and is made up of (blank) epithelium while the posterior 1/3rd is soft palate made up of what 2 epitheliums

A

1: keritinized stratified squamos
2: respiratory (nasopharyngeal side) and stratified squamos epithelium

29
Q

(blank) contracts during swallowing closing off the nasopharynx and consists of two surfaces

A

soft palate (skeletal muscle)

30
Q

Major salivary glands are (blank) glands with long ducts emptying in oral cavities. The three main glands are the (blank X 3).

A

paired

parotid, submandibular, lingual

31
Q

(blank) are located in submucosa of different parts of the oral cavity

A

minor salivary glands

32
Q

The parotid gland empties into the (blank) and is located above the second molar

A

vestibule

33
Q

The submandibular gland opens into the (blank)

A

oral cavity proper

34
Q

What does this describe:

  • largest of salivary glands
  • serous secretion
  • 30% of saliva
A

parotid gland

35
Q

What does this describe:

  • mixed gland
  • primarily serous
  • 60% of saliva
  • serous demilunes (?)
A

submandibular gland

36
Q

What does this describe:

  • mixed gland
  • primarily mucous
  • 10% of salvia
  • serous demilunes (?)
A

Sublingual Gland

37
Q

Glands are in (blank) and are composed of what?

A

pairs

either serious or mucous arranged in acini or tubules

38
Q

(blank) secrete saliva through a series of intercalated, striated and interlobular ducts

A

salivary glands

39
Q

(blank) moistens food, lubricates the GI tract, begins enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates

A

saliva

40
Q 
glands release (blank) and (blank) into the saliva
 1-1.5 liters every day
A

lysozyme and IgA

41
Q

What cell types are associated with salivary glands?

A

serous and mucous cells
myoepithelial cells (contain myosin and actin)
plasma cells/ IgA

42
Q

What does myoepithelial cells do?

A

help squeeze saliva into oral cavity

43
Q

Modulation of Salivary Composition and Osmolarity is performed by the (blank)

A

Duct Epithelium

44
Q

Modulation of Salivary Volume is done by the (blank)

A

Autonomics
parasympathetic increase volume
-sympathetic decrease volume

45
Q

What are the three kinds of lymphatic tissue found in the GI tract AKA GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissues)?

A

diffuse lymphatic tissue
lymphatic nodules
tonsils

46
Q

What type of tonsils do you find in the GI tract?

A 
-tonsillar ring (Waldeyer’s ring)
              palatine tonsils
              tubal tonsils
              pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
              lingual tonsil
47
Q

Where do you find lymphatic nodules in the GI tract?

A

in the submucosa and LP

48
Q

Where do you find submucosal glands?

A

submucosa of the esophagus and duodenum only

49
Q

What kind of muscle does the musclaris layer have?

A

inner circular outter longitudinal ICOL

50
Q

In the digestive tract, between submucosa and musclaris is a (blank).
Between the musclaris and adventitia is the (blank)

A 
submucosal plexus (Meissner’s plexus).
Auerbach’s plexus.
51
Q

In all parts of the digestive tract what is there always?

A

Always have a mucosa-> eptihelium with or without glands, basal lamina, LP and musclaris mucosa

52
Q

The submucosa of the digestive tract have large (blank) the feed mucosa.

A

vessels

53
Q

Where do you find villi in the digestive tract?

A

duodenum, jejunum, illium

54
Q

Where are the crypt of the gland of liberkuhn?

A

in the mucosa

55
Q

THe esophagus has a unique (Blank) because why>?

A

musclaris mucosa-> single longitudinal layer

56
Q

In the esophagus, what does it have in it’s submucosa?

A

esophageal glands proper

57
Q

In the muscularis externa of the esophagus, there are how many regions?

A

3; striated, both striated and smooth, and just smooth

ILOC

58
Q

Where do you find adventitia and serosa in the esophagus?

A

adventia above the diaphragm

serosa below the diaphragm

59
Q

Where do you find the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

in the esophagus where it attaches to the stomach.

GERD

60
Q

What are pathologies of the esophagus?

A

GERD

Esophageal varices

61
Q

What kind of epithelium does the esophagus have?

A

stratified squamos non keritinized.

62
Q

What kind of muscle makes up the soft palate?

A

skeletal muscle

63
Q

The esophagus has a outter muscularis mucosa made up of what ?

A

outter longitudinal muscle

Block 3 Week 1 (18 decks)

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