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Block 3 Week 1 > Sievert Anatomy Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Sievert Anatomy Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior surface boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

right and left costal margins of the 7-10th ribs and xiphoid process

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2
Q

What are the inferior surface boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

inginal ligament and the superior margins of pelvic girdle

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3
Q

What are the lateral boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

lateral abdominal wall

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4
Q

Although boundaries are rigid or bony structures, the soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall are not restricted to these boundaries. For example, many of the anterior wall muscles have much more extensive origins and insertions.
True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

How do you create four quadrants in the abdominal wall? What do these quadrants result in?

A

a horizontal line through the umbilicus and a vertical line through the midline
RU, LU, RL, LL

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6
Q

What are the 5 layers of the abdominal wall?

A 
skin
superficial fascia
muscle with investing fascia
trasversalis fascia
parietal periotoneum
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7
Q

The superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall is composed of 2 layers; a more superifical fatty layer called (blank) and a deeper membranous layer called (blank).

A

Campers

Scarpas

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8
Q

There is a potential space between Scarpa’s fascia and the investing fascia of the (blank)

A

external oblique muscle

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9
Q

(blank) are especially prone to laying down excess fat in Camper’s layer

A

men

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10
Q

Scarpa’s layer is continuous with the superificial perineal fascia so it has relevance for (blank)

A

extravasation of urine

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11
Q

The potential space deep to scarpa;s fascia does not communicate with the thigh because it fuses with the (blank) at the inguinal ligamet

A

fascia lata

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12
Q

What four muscles form the anterior abdominal wall?

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
rectus abdominus

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13
Q

The external abdominal oblique muscles arises from the surface of ribs (blank-(blank)) and inserts into the (blank X 3).

A

5-12

linea alba,anterior iliac crest, pubic tubercle

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14
Q

The inferior border of the external oblique reflects slightly on (blank) to create the inguinal ligament and the anterior border of the inguinal canal.

A

itself

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15
Q

What does the external oblique make by reflecting onto itself?

A

inguinal ligament and anterior border of inguinal canal

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16
Q

Where does the innervation to the external obliques come from?

A

T7-T12 (intercostals and subcostals)

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17
Q

What is the action of the external obliques?

A

to rotate the trunk to opposite side, raise intra-abdominal pressure, assist with flexion against resistance

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18
Q

The internal abdominal oblique arises posteriorly from the lateral part of the (blank) and ineriorly from the (blank and (blank).

A

thoraco-lumbar fascia

iliac crest and inguinal ligament

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19
Q

The internal abdominal oblique courses supero-medially to insert into the (blank) and lower (blank) with its fibers running perpendicular to the external oblique muscle.

A

linea alba and lower ribs

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20
Q

the internal obliques also insert into the (blank) and *blank) via the conjoint tendon along with the transversus

A

pecten pubis and pubic crest

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21
Q

The internal abdominal obliques insert into the pecten pubis and pubic crest via the (blank)

A

conjoint tendon

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22
Q

What nerves innervate the internal abominal obliques?

A

T6-T11 intercostal nerves and subcostal and LI spinal

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23
Q

What is the main action of the internal abdominal obliques?

A

to rotate the trunk to the same size, compress the abdominal viscera and assist with flexion of the trunk against resistance. Also supports back muscles due to origin at thoracolumbar fascia

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24
Q

Two of the anterior abdominal wall muscles play an important role in supporting and strengthening the back by virtue of their attachment to the thoracolumbar fascia.
What are they?

A

transversus abdominus

internal oblique muscle

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25
Q

Where does the rectus abdominis arise from?

A

the pubic symphysis and crest.

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26
Q

The Rectus abdominis courses superiorly to insert into the (blank) and the (blank-blank) costal cartilages

A

xiphoid process

5th through 7th

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27
Q

What nerves innervate the rectus abdominis?

A

T6-T11 intercostal and subcostal nerves.

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28
Q

what is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

to flex the trunk against resistance, compress abdominal viscera and stabilize the tilt of the pelvis.

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29
Q

What is the rectus abdominis sheathed by?

A

the rectus sheath, a connective tissue sleeve formed by the aponeurotic tendons of the lateral three abdominal wall muscles.

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30
Q

What makes up the rectus sheath?

A

connective tissue sleeve formed by the aponeurotic tendons of the lateral three abdominal wall muscles

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31
Q

The two paired rectus muscles are separated by the (blank) and are divided into approx. four bellies each by tendinous intersections with the anterior wall of the sheath.

A

linea alba

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32
Q

Where is the arcuate line?

A

halfway between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis.

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33
Q

Above the arcuate line, aponeurotic fibers of the transversus and some from the internal, pass (blank) to the rectus abdominis muscle.

A

posterior

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34
Q

Below the arcuate line, all aponeurotic fibers pass (blank) to the rectus muscle.

A

anterior

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35
Q

The (blank) is an interdigitation of all aponeurotic fibers in the midline.

A

linea alba

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36
Q

Blood supply to the abdominal wall comes from where?

A

T10, T11 intercostal arteries, the musculophrenics, the subcostal artery, the first lumbar artery, the superior epigastric,
the deep inferior epigastric as a branch off the external iliac and the deep circumflex iliac.

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37
Q

There significant anastomotic connections between the arteries of the abdominal wall, especially the superior and deep inferior epigastrics.
True or False

A

True

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38
Q

Which 2 arteries run within the sheath?

A

the superior and inferior epigastric arteries

39
Q

Where is the superior epigastric artery located?

A

end of internal thoracic artery

ie. subclavian branch turns into internal thoracic which turns into superior epigastric

40
Q

Where will you find the inferior epigastric artery?

A

branched off the external iliac artery

41
Q

These vessels provide collateral circulation to the rectus muscle and abdominal wall. Remember a surgeon can use the internal thoracic artery for bypass because of two collateral flow situations.
What vessels am I talking about?

A

superior and inferior epigastric arteries

42
Q

How is the venous drainage of the abdominal wall accomplished?

A

by anastomotic connections between the veins and accompanying arteries.

43
Q

What is the unpredictable vessel in the abdominal wall that has numerous small paraumbilical vein tributaries that connect with other vessels in the skin?

A

the obliterated umbilical vein

44
Q

Where is the transversalis fascia located?

A

deep to the transversus abdominis muscle

45
Q

What is a transparent fascia that lines the entire abdominal wall and has a name that changes depending on its position.. ie diaphramatic fascia, pelvic fascia etc.

A

transversalis fascia

46
Q

What is the Parietal layer fused to all surfaces of abdominal wall except where it covers certain organs which are retroperitoneal?

A

peritoneum

47
Q

What may be between the peritoneum and the transversalis fascia?

A

fat!

48
Q

What is the skin and muscle of the anterior abdominal wall innervated by?

A

T6-T11 intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve T12

49
Q

What innervates the inferior aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

L1 nerve via the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

50
Q

All nerves run between the two deepest layers of the wall giving off (blank) and (blank) cutaneous branches on the way

A

lateral and anterior

51
Q

Which cutaneous nerve provides sensation to the subxiphoid area?

A

T6

52
Q

Which cutaneous nerve provides sensation to the umbilical area?

A

T10

53
Q

Which cutaneous nerve provides sensation to the suprapubic area?

A

T12 and L1

54
Q

What should you use as reference to find T10?

A

the umbilicus

55
Q

What is the suprapubic area innervated by?

A

the iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

56
Q

What do the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve run through? What do they supply?

A

the inguinal canal

the anterior wall of the scrotum in males and anterior aspect of labia majora in females

57
Q

Where does a dorsal ramus go?

A

to true back muscles

58
Q

If you have a body wall structure that is below the diaphragm, will you have a pre or post ganglionic to it?

A

a post, all body wall structures no matter where are post

59
Q

Muscles of the (blank) contribute to the inguinal canal

A

anterior abdominal wall

60
Q

The inguinal canal is formed by (blank) in the male and the (blank) in the females

A

descent of the testis

round ligament of the uterus

61
Q

The testis and ovary both develop in the (blank) and migrate during development.

A

posterior abdominal wall

62
Q

the (blank) is thought to control the descent of the testis and ovary.

A

gubernaculum

63
Q

What make up the coverings and contents of the spermatic cord?

A

the periotoneum, transversalis fascia, internal oblique, and external oblique

64
Q

As the testis descends it drags (blank X 4) along with it.

A

peritoneum, transversalis fascia, internal oblique, external oblique, scarpas fascia and the skin

65
Q

The peritoneum surrounds the testis forming a (blank) for the testis which was originally part of, and connected to, the periotoneal sac in the abdominal cavity by the processus vaginalis.

A

celomic sac

66
Q

The processus vaginalis normally closes off leaving the (blank) isolated from its origin in the abdomen.

A

tunical vaginalis

67
Q

Where are all the layers including the cremaster muscle at the deep or superfical rings?

A

superficial ring

68
Q

What will come down into the center of the spermatic cord?

A

the vas deferens

69
Q

The testis drag some (blank) oblique muscles with it as it enters the deep ring to form the (blank).

A

internal oblique muscle

cremaster muscle

70
Q

Where is the conjoint tendon

A

next to the spermatic cord

71
Q

What two muscles combine as they pass medially through the rectus sheath to form a conjoint tendon (fossa terminalis).

A

the transversus and internal oblique

72
Q

The point where the transversus and internal oblique combine creates what?

A

a weak spot below them with only the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique there for support

73
Q

As the testis drags the peritoneum with it during descent, the cord picks up additional (blank) during the course.

A

layers

74
Q

The internal wall of the abdominal cavity is marked by (blank) folds

A

three

75
Q

The most lateral fold of the internal wall is called the (Blank) and is formed by the (blank).

A

lateral umbilical fold

deep inferior epigastric vessels

76
Q

The medial umbilicial fold is formed by the (blank)

A

obliterated umbilical arteries

77
Q

The midline fold is the median umbilical fold and is formed by the (blank)

A

the obliterated urachus (the former connection of the primitive bladder to the umbilicus)

78
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal triangle?

A

medial-rectus abdominus
lateral- deep inf. epigastric
inferior- inguinal ligament

79
Q

The (blank) tendon arches across the inguinal triangle. A high arch can create a weak area in the triangle because the superficial ring is (blank) to the triangle.

A

conjoint

anterior

80
Q

The weak area of the triangle is (blank) to the deep ring.

A

medial

81
Q

(blank) is a protrusion of organ or tissue through muscle wall.

A

hernia

82
Q

(blank) hernia is a hernia though the medial portion of the inguinal canal, medial to inferior epigastric artery. This is through Hesselbach’s triangle.

A

direct

83
Q

(blank) hernia is a hernia through lateral portions of the inguinal canal- usually through patent processus vaginalis. Follows the course of descent of the testis.

A

Indirect

84
Q

(blank) hernias follow the course of the testis and are inside the processus vaginalis, whereas (blank) hernias pass through the triangle and are not in the processus vaginalus.

A

indirect

direct

85
Q

(blank) hernias have all layers of the spermatic cord.
(blank) hernias may not have all layers of the spermatic cord because they pass under the conjoint tendon and do not pass through the processus vaginalis.

A

indirect

direct

86
Q

What ligament goes from the ant. sup. iliac spine to the pubic tubercle?

A

the inguinal ligament

87
Q

What is the lacunar ligament?

A

it is the ligament between the inguinal ligament and the pectineal ligament

88
Q

(blank) hernias occur inferior to the inguinal ligament.

A

femoral

89
Q

What are all the borders of a femoral hernia?

A

anterosuperiorly->inguinal ligament
medially->lacunar ligament
Posteriorly Inferiorly-> pectineal ligament
And occurs in the fermoral canal borderd laterally by the femoral vein and artery

90
Q

What canal does a femoral hernia occur in and what artery and vein border it laterally?

A

femoral canal borderd laterally by the femoral vein and artery

91
Q

The femoral sheath is trasversalis fascia surrounding what three things.

A

the artery, vein and lymphatics (most medial)

NO NERVES!

92
Q

Where are the femoral lymphatics and why are they important?

A

They are in the femoral canal, because stuff (like hernias) can be pushed in here

93
Q

Is the femoral canal long?

Why?

A

no

because the femoral sheath blends with the fascia of the thigh

94
Q

The opening of the femoral canal is called (Blank)

A

the femoral ring

Block 3 Week 1 (18 decks)

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