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Block 3 Week 1 > Histo Highison Stomach > Flashcards

Histo Highison Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What does the stomach do to a bolus?

A

acidifies it and turns it into chyme

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2
Q

What does the stomach produce?

A

pepsin, renin, gastric lipase, some hormones

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3
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A

mucosa-> submucosa-> musclaris externa-> serosa

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4
Q

What are the three components of the mucosa of the stomach?

A

epithelium
LP
Muscularis mucosae

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5
Q

What kind of cells line the epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?

A

surface mucous lining cells

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6
Q

What is the LP of the stomach made up of?

A

smooth muscle
Connective tissue
gastric glands
lymphatic nodules

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7
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae of the stomach made up of?

A

inner incomplete oblique muscle
middle circular muscle
outter longitudinal muscle

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8
Q

What is located in the submucosa of the stomach?

A

the submucosal plexus

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9
Q

What is the muscularis externa of the stomach made up of?

A

incomplete inner oblique muscle
think middle circular muscle
outer longitudinal muscle

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10
Q

What forms the pyloric sphincter and has te myenteric plexus?

A

the thick middle circular muscle of the musclaris externa

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11
Q

What is the pyloric antrum?

A

the entraway into the pylorus

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12
Q

What is the first portion of the duodenum?

A

peritoneum

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13
Q

Where are the chief cells and the parietal cells?

A

the LP

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14
Q

What is highly vascularized?

A

the submucosa

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15
Q

Where will you find adipose tissue?

A

in the muscularis external

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16
Q

The stomach is divided histologically into three regions based upon the type of gland that is there. What are they?

A

cardiac region -> cardiac cells
fundus and body -> fundic glands
pyloric region-> pyloric glands

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17
Q

The stomach has longitudinal submucosal folds called (blank) which allow the stomach to distend when filled.

A

rugae

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18
Q

Where are glands found?

A

in the LP down to muscularis mucosa

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19
Q

(blank) consist primarily of mucous secreting cells

A

cardiac glands

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20
Q

(blank) have simple tubule glands and have long pits that primarily produce mucous

A

pyloric regions

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21
Q

(blank) are simple tubular and coiled at the lower end

A

cardiac glands

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22
Q

The (Blank) nature of cardiac glands result in cross and oblique sections

A

coiled

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23
Q

(blank) are simple tubular and branched at the very lower end. The pits are deeper than other glands.

A

pyloric

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24
Q

The (blank) is covered by protective layer of mucus that protects the surface epithelium from mechanical erosion by the ingested food and from the destructive effect of acid and hydrolytic enzymes present in gastric juice.

A

gastric mucosa

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25
Q

Ruga is a longitudinal fold of the gastric (blank) and (Blank)

A

mucosa and submucosa

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26
Q

The (blank) consists of gastric glands, surrounded by a LP containing capillaries and the muscularis mucosae

A

gastric mucosa

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27
Q

Thestomach surface is covered by (blank) that open into gastric glands

A

gastric pits

28
Q

(blank) cells line the stomach and continue into the gastric pits

A

surface mucous cells

29
Q

Surface mucous cells produce what 2 things

A

insoluble thick viscous mucous

bicarb this is trapped in thick mucous coat

30
Q

(blank) cells within glands produce acid and bicarb. The bicarb goes into (blank) to the surface epithelium which allows us to get more bicarb to be pushed out into the stomach cavity.

A

parietal

fenestrated capillaries

31
Q

Where do you find the most parietal cells

A

in body/fundus region

32
Q

Bicarb is produced by (blank) cells and parietal cells

A

mucous surface cells

33
Q

Mucus neck cells make what kind of mucus?

A

soluble

34
Q

(blank) secrete HCl and Gastric intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

35
Q

(blank) have intracellular canaliculi lined by microvilli

A

parietal cells

36
Q

What are intracellular canaliculi lined by?

A

microvilli

37
Q

What have abundant mitochondria and why?

A

parietal cells, needs ATP to pump out H

38
Q

What do gastric juices do?

A

lower pH and turn pepsinogen to pepsin

39
Q

What is a glycoprotein that binds vit B12?

A

GIF (gastric intrinsic factor)

40
Q

What helps with the absorption of B12 in ileum?

A

GIF

41
Q

What do we lose when we age?

A

ability to produce GIF

42
Q 
What is this:
-autoimmune disease 
-autoABs against GIF or parietal cells 
lack of GIF decreases B12 levels which is 
 essential for RBC maturation
A

pernicious anemia (PA)

43
Q

(blank) secrete pepsinogen and precursors to rennin (chymosin) and lipase

A

chief cells

44
Q

(blank) are also referred to as APUD cells

A

enteroendocrine cells

45
Q

(blank) must have a special stain to see them and produce endocrine and paracrine secretions.

A

enteroendocrine cells

46
Q

Gastric pit will always be lined with (blank)

A

surface mucous cells.

47
Q

The gastric gland is broken into 4 parts, what are they?

A

pit, neck, upper region of body and lower region of body

48
Q

What do you find in the neck of a gastric gland?

A

mucus neck cells which have soluble mucus
stem cells
parietal cells

49
Q

What loves B12?

A

nerves

50
Q

(blank) secretion-> hormones that goes into the blood stream, or interstitial space or lymphatics targeting cells at a distance.
(blank) -> hormones put into the interstitial space or intracellular space targetting neighbor cells

A

Endocrine

Paracrine secretion

51
Q

Where do you find chief cells in the gastric gland?

A

in the lower region of the body

52
Q

How often are surface mucous and mucous neck cells replaced?

A

every 3-6 days

53
Q

How often are these gastric gland cells replaced:
parietal cells?
Chief and enteroendocrine cells

A

150-200 days

60-90 days

54
Q

WHy do parietal cells have canuliculi?

A

to package HCl

55
Q

Where is serosa present?

A

everywhere

56
Q

What kind of epithelium is the stomach?

A

ALL is simple columnar

57
Q

Where are there chief cells?

A

only in the fundic and body region of the stomach

58
Q

Where are their parietal cells?

A

rare in cardiac
ABUNDANT in fundic and body
few in pyloric

59
Q

Where are there enteroendocrine cells?

A

rare throughout stomach

60
Q

Where do we find these kinds of mucuosal glands:

wide, deep, gastric pits, with short, slightly coiled, simple tubular glands; pits extend into less than half of mucosa

A

cardiac

61
Q

Where do we find these kinds of glands:

narrow, shallow pits with straight, branched tubular glands, pits extend less than 1/3 into depth of mucosa.

A

fundic and body region

62
Q

WHere do we find these kinds of glands:

wide,deep pits with coiled, branched, tubular glands; pits extend over half the thickness of mucosa.

A

pyloric

63
Q

Where doe we have three layers of smooth muscle: inner oblique, middle circuler and outer longitudinal with myenteric plexu between circ and outer layer?

A

all 3 but fundic/body and pyloric have an inner oblique layer that is inconstant

64
Q

What is the working part of the stomach?

A

fundic and body

65
Q

(blank )starts below the diaphragm and sweeps down onto the stomach and the first portion of the duodenum.

A

serosa

Block 3 Week 1 (18 decks)

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