Sick Term Infant Flashcards
most common causes of neonatal death
prematurity pneumonia birth asphyxia/birth trauma neonatal sepsis congenital anomalies neonatal tetanus diarrhoea other
when might a neonate become unwell
at delivery
first few hours of life
first few days
up to 28 days
what is apgar scoring
score of how well a neonate is
categorised on:
- appearance
- pulse
- grimace
- activity
- respiration
score of <2 = not good
what does the first newborn clinical assessment involve
history -maternal and fetal (PMH, pregnancy issues, drugs, infection risk, fetal growth, fetal anomaly, delivery, resuscitation) inspection -tone -level of arousal -colour vital signs -heart rate -respiratory rate
what are the normal vital signs measurements for a newborn
RR - 40-60/min
HR- 120-140/min
Cap refill 2-3 seconds
SaO2 - 95%
what signs should be looked for in newborn clinical assessment
work of breathing/ respiratory effort colour (pink/blue/white) (good, not good, dreadful) jaundice low tone (floppy) seizures poor feeding bilious vomit
how do you manage a sick baby
manage temperature airway and breathing -oxygen circulation -fluids -inotropes metabolic homeostasis -glucose management -acid base balance antibiotics
when is a bacterial infection more commonly obtained
antenatal
when is a viral infection most commonly obtained
perinatal
when are fungal infections most commonly obtained
post natal
common sites of infections in neonates
blood stream - bacteraemia/septicaemia
CNS - meningitis
respiratory - pneumonia
GU - UTI
common bacterial infections in the neonate
group b strep e.coli listeria myocytogenes staphylococcus aureus staph epidermidids
what viruses do neonates get
cytomegalovirus
parvovirus
herpes viruses
enteroviruses
what is pregnancy/birth related hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia
what respiratory problems are pregnancy/birth related
transient tachypnoea of the newborn
pneumothorax - spontaneous or secondary from active resuscitation
