Ovarian Pathology Flashcards
signs of ovarian pathology
pain
swelling
endocrine effects
what types of pathology are seen on the ovaries
cysts
endometriosis
tumour
what are the different types of ovarian cysts (NOT CANCER)
functional (follicular and luteal)
endometrioid
characteristics of a follicular cyst
v common
forms when ovulation doesn’t occur
thin walled by granuloma cells
usually resolve after a few months
what is endometriosis
endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine body
where do you see endometriosis (where are the deposits)
Ovary Pouch of Douglas Peritoneal surfaces cervix, vulva, vagina bladder, bowel
signs of endometriosis
pelvic inflammation
infertility
pain
what does endometriosis look like macroscopically
peritoneal spots or nodules
fibrous adhesions
chocolate cysts
what does endometriosis look like microscopically
endometrial glands and store
haemorrhage, inflammation and fibrosis
what are some complications of endometriosis
pain cyst formation adhesions infertility ectopic pregnancy malignancy (endometriod cancer)
what are the different types of ovarian tumours
epithelial
germ cell
stomal
what are the epithelial ovarian tumours
serous mucinous endometrioid clear cell Brenner
what is a benign epithelial ovarian tumour
no cytological abnormalities
no stomal invasion
what is a borderline epithelial ovarian tumour
cytological abnormalities, proliferative
no stomal invasion
what is a malignant epithelial ovarian tumour
stomal invasion
what are the two types of serous epithelial ovarian tumour
high grade serous carcinoma
- serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC)
- most cases are tubal in origin
low grade serous carcinoma
-serous borderline tumour
what tumours are associated with Lynch syndrome
endometrioid and clear cell
what is a Brenner tumour
tumour of transitional type epithelial
usually benign
what tumours arise from germ cells
benign - dermoid cyst teratoma dysgerminoma yolk sac tumour choriocarcinoma mixed germ cell tumour
what is the most common malignant germ cell tumour
dysgerminoma
1-2% of all ovarian tumours
almost exclusively children and young women
average age is 22
what tumours arise from the stroma of the ovaries
Fibroma/thecoma
Granuloma cell tumour
Sertoli-leydig cell tumours
what do fibroma/thecoma tumours produce
oestrogen
may cause uterine bleeding
characteristics of granulosa cell tumours
all potentially malignant
may be associated with oestrogen manifestations
what do thecal/leydig cell tumours produce
androgens
v rare
where do secondary metastatic ovarian tumours most often come from
stomach
colon
breast
pancreas
what is FIGO stage 1 (A,B and C) of ovarian cancer
1A - tumour limited to one ovary
1B- tumour limited to both ovaries
1C- cancer involving ovarian surface/rupture/surgical spill/ tumour in washings
what is FIGO stage 2 (A and B) of ovarian cancer
2A- extension on uterus/Fallopian tube
2B- extension onto pelvic intraperitoneal structures
FIGO stage 3 (A,B and C) for ovarian cancer
3A- retroperitoneal lymph node mets or microscopic peritoneal involvement
3B- macroscopic peritoneal mets beyond pelvis up to 2cm in dimension
3C- macroscopic peritoneal metastasis >2cm in dimension
FIGP stage 4 ovarian cancer
distant metastasis
what pathology can affect the Fallopian tubes
inflammation (salpingitis due to infection)
cysts and tumours
serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma
endometriosis
ectopic pregnancy
