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3 Reproduction > Pregnancy Nutrition > Flashcards

Pregnancy Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what nutrition advice is given pre-conception

A

consumption of varies and balanced diet

supplements of:

  • iron
  • folic acid
  • calcium
  • iodine
  • Vit D (10 micrograms through pregnancy and breast feeding)
  • folic acid (400 micrograms pre-conception and T1)

polyunsaturated fatty acids

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2
Q

what groups are most at risk of lack of nutrition in pregnancy

A 
Vegetarians 
Vegans
Gluten free 
underweight 
overweight 
adolesence 
multiple pregnancies 
low income families 
smokers 
previous poor outcome pregnancies
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3
Q

why is folic acid given in pregnancy

A

plays crucial role in metabolic reactions and biosynthesis of DNA and RNA as well as amino acid metabolism

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4
Q

where in the diet is folic acid found

A

green leafy vegetables
fruits
cereals
offal

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5
Q

where in the diet is iron found

A

meat
fish
legumes
leafy green veg

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6
Q

why is extra iron needed in pregnancy

A

helps transfer oxygen to fetus

prevents anaemia

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7
Q

how much protein should be consumed in pregnancy

A

daily recommendations increased by 1g/day T1

8g/day T2

26g/day third trimester

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8
Q

why is vitamin D given in pregnancy

A

for calcium metabolism

regulation of cytokine metabolism

modulation of immune system

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9
Q

should you eat fish when pregnant

A

yes

2-3 servings per week recommended for optimal fetal development

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10
Q

maternal risks of vitamin D deficiency

A 
osteomalacia 
pre-eclampsia 
gestational diabetes 
C-section 
bacterial vaginosis
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11
Q

fetal risk of vitamin D deficiency

A

Small for gestational age
Neonatal hypocalcaemia
Asthma/resp infection
Rickets

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12
Q

what foods should you avoid in pregnancy

A 
Soft cheese 
Undercooked meat, cured meat,  game 
Tuna 
Raw/partially cooked eggs 
Pate 
Liver 
Vitamin and fish oil supplements
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13
Q

by how much does exclusive breast feeding increase calorie need

A

640kcal/day

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14
Q

maternal risks of being underweight (<18.5 BMI)

A

nutritional depletion
Intrauterine growth restriction
Preterm labour
Low birth weight

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15
Q

how do you manage underweight pregnant mother s

A

exclude eating disorders
USS for growth 28, 32 and 36 weeks

labour management

  • usually normal
  • beware ‘normal blood loss’
  • drug adjustments
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16
Q

what are the increased maternal risks of obesity

A 
Infertility 
Risk of miscarriage 
Gestational diabetes 
Pre-eclampsia 
Thromboembolic disease 
Risk of infection 
Risk of labour dystocia 
Risk of shoulder dystocia 
Risk of C-section 
Risk of post partum haemorrhage 
depression/mental health issues 
reduced breast feeding
17
Q

what are the increased risks to the fetus in obesity in pregnancy

A 
fetal anomalies 
miscarriage 
macrosomnia 
still birth 
neonatal death 
less likely to be breast fed 
increased later life risk of T2DM and CVD
18
Q

how to you manage obesity during birth

A 
Consultant led unit 
Fetal monitoring difficulty (need USS to determine presentation)
Iv access 
FBC, Group and save 
Early epidural 
bariatric bed
ranitidine regularly 
3rd stage - IM syntometrine (oxytocin) into deltoid
19
Q

how do you deliver a baby if BMI >40

A

consultant obstetrician and anaesthetist operate (CS)

extra prophylactic antibiotics given

Anticipate post partum haemorrhage

20
Q

management of obese women post-partum

A

extra monitoring if sleep apnoea

thromboprophylacis - fragmin given (dose weight dependent)

support breast feeding

weight management

wound problems

21
Q

what is the risk involve in pregnancy if the mother has had bariatric surgery

A

nutritional deficiencies
hyperemesis
high risk of GDM

22
Q

how do you manage bariatric surgery patients in pregnancy

A

supplements and monitoring is essential

  • A-Z supplements
  • adcal D3
  • Vit D
  • Iron
  • Thiamine
  • Folic acid
  • Vit B12

avoid oral contraception

23
Q

what are some sources of iron for a vegetarian

A 
pulses 
dark green veg 
wholemeal bread 
eggs 
fortified breakfast cereals 
dried fruit eg. apricots
24
Q

how do you manage gestational diabetes

A

usually with diet and lifestyle alone

exercise v helpful

3 Reproduction (49 decks)

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