Healthy Term Infant Flashcards
how many weeks is considered term
37-40+6
post term - 41 weeks
what is a normal baby weight
2.5-4kg
> 4 = large for gestational age
<2.5kg small for gestational age
what is the daily weight gain for a baby at 28 weeks
24g per day
what is a normal delivery at term
spontaneous or induced labour
cephalic
occipital-anterior
vaginal delivery - spontaneous or assisted
CS- why
what happens to the babies environment during labour
it turns hypoxic during each contraction
fetal Hb. helps release O2
prolonged labour will reduced fetal reserves
impact of cortisol and adrenaline on adaptation to outside world
enhanced adaptation
what needs to happen for perinatal adaptation to occur
first breath/cry
avelolar expansion
change from fetal to newborn circulation
decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
increased PaO2
Apgar score
early immediate skin to skin and suckling
what is the Apgar score
a measure of perinatal adaptation
scored out of 10
each component given 0,1 or 2
- HR
- RR
- Responsiveness
- tone
- colour
normal >8
what is attachment
a hormonal and emotional response to infant
what is haemorrhage disease of the newborn
bleeding of newborn due to vitamin k deficiency
treat with vitamin K (IM or oral)
what is infections are a risk based on maternal history
hep B Hep C HIV Syphilis TB Group B strep
what scores are used to asses risk of newborn
Newborn early warning score
Snuggle bundle - for parents and staff to know how to keep baby healthy
what are mums vaccinated against to protect baby
peruses
influenza
what is screened for in the newborn
newborn examination universal hearing screening hip screening haemoglobinopathies metabolic disease PKU
what is a newborn examination
top to toe examination immediately following delivery
formal neonatal examination is required as part of health care (around 24 hours)
what’s looked for in examination of baby’s head
swellings on the head
measure head circumference
look at overlapping of the sutures
fontanelles
ventouse/forcepts marks
moulding
cephalhaematoma (blood
between periosteum and skull)
caput succedaneum (blood between skin and epicranial aponeurosis)
how do differ between cephalohaematoma and caput succedaneum
cephalohaematoma does not cross the suture lines
caput succedaneum can go all around the skill
what do you look for in baby’s eyes
size reflex (if no red reflex - congenital cataract) conjunctival haemorrhage squints iris abnormality
what do you look for in baby’s ears
position of ear on head - low set ear can be suggestive of syndromes
external auditory canal
tags/pits - can be signs of another condition
folding
what do you look for in the baby’s mouth
shape philtrum tongue tie palate neonatal teeth - need taken out ebsteins pearls - collections of skin cells sucking/rooting reflex
what do you look for in the baby’s face
facial palsy (usually the one that looks normal bc the abnormal one is able to move) dysmorphisms (eg. fetal alcohol syndrome or downs)
what do you look for in the baby’s respiratory system
chest shape nasal flaring grunting tachypnoea in-drawing breath sounds congenital diaphragmatic hernia (bowel in the chest cavity)
cardiovascular examination for baby
colour/saturation pulses: femoral apex beat thrills/heaves heart sounds
abdominal examination for baby
moves with respiration distension hernia umbilicus bile stained vomiting passage of meconium anus
genitourinary examination for baby
normal passage of urine
normal genitalia
undescended testes
hypospadius
MSK exam for baby
movement and posture
limbs and digits
spine
hip examination
neurological examination of baby
alert, responsive cry tone posture movement primitive reflexes
what are the primitive reflexes
- sucking
- rooting
- moro
- ATNR
- stepping
- grasp
what looked for in skin examination of baby
port wine stain
rash
strawberry haemangioma
Mongolian spot
