Breast Conditions Flashcards
risk factors for breast cancer
race
gender
genetics
age
poor diet chest radiation overweigh smoking alcohol lack of exercise
how does breast cancer present
50% asymptomatic via screening
50% symptomatic (half of these have a lump)
what are the symptoms of breast cancer
dimpled or depressed skin visible lump nipple change (eg. inversion) bloody discharge texture change colour change
what breast imaging is done
mammography
breast ultrasound
what is a mammogram
staple imaging
takes 4 views of the breast
what is breast ultrasound
us of breast good for identifying if a lump is solid or cystic etc and predict malignancy
what is an acinus
an epithelial structure found in lobules
what does histology tell you about the lump
invasive or not
ductal or lobule
degree of differentiation
receptor status
how are breast cancers staged
TNM
T0 - no tumour T1- <2cm T2- 2-5cm T3- >5cm T4- extension to skin or chest wall
N1- mobile nodes
N2- fixed nodes
N3- ipsilateral internal mammary nodes involved
M0- no distant mets
M1- distant mets
Mx- mets suspected but not confirmed
treatment for breast cancer
1st line - local (surgery/radiotherapy)
2nd line - systemic (chemotherapy, hormonal and targeted therapy)
what are the systemic options for breast cancer treatment
chemotherapy
hormonal therapy
targeted therapy
what types of chemotherapy is used
adjuvant
Neo-adjuvant
what hormonal therapy is given for breast cancer
non-invasive
- SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulators)
- AIs (aromatase inhibitor)
- GnRH (gonadotrophin receptor hormones)
Invasive (oophorectomy)
what targeted therapies can be used for breast cancer
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumad (Herceptin)
what are ANDI conditions (aberrations in normal development and involution of the breasts)
benign breast conditions
cysts
fibroadenoma
papilloma
