Sick term infant

Question 1

main causes of death in neonates (0-27 days)

Answer 1

• pneumonia (3rd joint)
• Prematurity (MOST)
• birth asphyxia and birth trauma (2nd MOST)
• neonatal sepsis (3rd joint)
• congenital anomalies
• neonatal tetanus
• diarrhoea

Question 2

What does the Apgar score comprise of?

Answer 2

Appearance (skin colour)
Pulse (HR)
Grimace (response to stimulation)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration (breathing)

Score = 2,1, or 0
a score of 10 represents the best possible condition.

Question 3

main causes of sick baby:

Answer 3

pregnancy/ birth related
congenital anomalies
metabolic
infection

Question 4

multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia

Answer 4

Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy

• poor Apgar score
• higher incidence in Kathmandu than UK

Question 5

Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn

Answer 5

It is caused by retained foetal lung fluid due to impaired clearance mechanisms.

Question 6

Cardiac problems in neonate

Answer 6

• Hydrops Foetalis (accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments. e.g pericardium)
• PPHN
• tetralogy of fallot

Question 7

resp congenital problems:

Answer 7

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 8

other congenital anomalies:

Answer 8

• neuro = microcepahly, spina bifida
• renal = potters syndrome
• muscular = myotonic dystrophy

Question 9

metabolic diseases

Answer 9

hypoglycaemia (LBW, DM)

Acidosis (inborn error of metabolism)