Anatomy of urinary incontinence and prolapse

Question 1

pelvic floor is comprised of three components:

Answer 1

• pelvic diaphragm
• muscles of perineal pouches
• perineal membrane

Question 2

pelvic diaphragm consists of two muscle groups:

Answer 2

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Question 3

Levator ani has three parts (medial to lateral)

Answer 3

Puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
(these must relax to allow urination + defectaion)
Innervated by pudendal nerve

Question 4

perineal membrane =

Answer 4

thin sheet of tough, deep fascia

Question 5

how many cavernosum + spongiosum in males?

Answer 5

2 cavernosum ('eyes')
2 spongiosum ('mouth')

Question 6

functions of pelvic floor:

Answer 6

support to pelvic organs
maintains continence (faecal + urinary)

Question 7

injuries to pelvic floor occur when:

Answer 7

pregnancy
child birth (stretching or tearing, pudendal nerve damage)

Question 8

vaginal prolapse involves..

Answer 8

herniation of urethra, bladder, rectum or rectouterine pouch through supporting fascia ‘lump in vaginal wall’

Question 9

uterine prolapse involves…

Answer 9

descent of uterus (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree)

Question 10

Ischio-anal (rectal) fossa is filled with…

Answer 10

fat