Sick Newborns Flashcards
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
chronic lung disease d/t RDS and prolonged mechanical ventilation
All premature babies must pass this test before they can go home.
car seat test
What is the treatment for retinopathy of prematurity?
laser treatment
How can you prevent retinopathy of prematurity?
prevent oxygen toxicity
IV lines in a premature infant are placed via where?
umbilicus
Anemia in premature infants is usually caused by what?
iatrogenic
Which of the following intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is more problematic: asymmetric or symmetric?
symmetric
Any newborn greater than what weight is labeled macrosomia?
> 4 kg
For any baby that is born small or large for gestational age you need to do this.
check baby’s blood sugar and feed ASAP
Which of the IUGR types are more concerning for late onsets complications?
asymmetrical
Which of the IUGR types are more concerning for early or infant malformations and dieases?
symmetrical
What is the greatest risk in newborns with insufficient growth?
hypoglycemia
Macrosomia newborns are at significant risk for what?
shoulder dystocia
Large infants of diabetic mother’s are at an increase risk for these 2 things.
- hypoglycemia
- polycythemia
A premature baby born to a diabetic mother can have a seizure d/t to what?
low calcium, magnesium
What is the most common cause of small babies?
placenta insufficiency
What is transient tachypnea of newborn?
delay in pulmonary fluid reabsorption that self resolves
associated with LGA, C/section
What is meconium aspiration syndrome?
newborn aspirates own meconium and this leads to “ball-valve” effect of meconium in airways leading to hyperinflation
Patient’s with meconium aspiration syndrome are at high risk of what?
pulmonary hypertension
What is the main organism causing pneumonia in newborn?
GBS
What is the treatment for neonetal sepsis?
broad spectrum antibiotics + acyclovir for 48 hours
What is the different between early and late neonatal sepsis?
- early = birth-3 days
- late = 3 days-1 month
Meningitis in late stage neonatal sepsis is caused by what 2 bugs?
- GBS or E. Coli
Bilirubin peaks at what day after birth?
4 days
excessive unconjugated bilirubin can lead to what?
encephalopathy (kernicterus)
What is the treatment for excessive unconjugated bilirubin? (3 part)
- hydration, feeding
- phototherapy
- exchange transfusion = more severe
What are the 2 causes of extrinsic hemolytic excessive unconjugated bilirubin?
- Rh Disease
- ABO incompatibility
What is the treatment for Rh disease to prevent sensitization of fetus if the mother is - Rh and fetus is + Rh?
administer rhoGAM
What type of immunoglobulins cross the placenta?
IgG
You should be concerned with ABO incompatibility if the mother has what blood type?
type O
T/F: any increase in bilirubin within the first 24 hours is pathologic.
True
80% of pediatric HIV is thought to be how?
vertical transmission from mother to infant
When should infant HIV testing be done?
Birth, 2 mo, 4 mo
What is the most common teratogen exposure?
fetal alcohol syndrome
The risk for SIDS is way higher in children who have been exposed to these 2 drugs.
methamphetamine, cocaine
