Congenital HD

Question 1

This is the most common cause of congenital HD diagnosed in adulthood.

Answer 1

ASD

Question 2

If a newborn is born with coarctation of the aorta and is in critical condition awaiting surgery, wha medication can you give him to keep the ductus open?

Answer 2

PGE1

Question 3

BP that is higher in the right arm than legs and a decreased femoral pulse is consistent with what congenital HD?

Answer 3

coarctation of the aorta

Question 4

What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia?

Answer 4

Methylene blue

Question 5

If a newborn is born with transposition of the great vessels and the only thing keeping him alive is a patent ductus arteriosum (PDA), what medication can be given to keep the patient alive while awaiting surgery?

Answer 5

PGE1

Question 6

In terms of location of the shunt, what type of ASD is the most common?

Answer 6

secundum

Question 7

If a patient presents with idiopathic HTN in early adulthood what congenital HD may he have?

Answer 7

coarctation of the aorta

Question 8

What amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin needs to be circulating in order to cause cyanosis?

Answer 8

> 2.5-5 g/dl

Question 9

This congenital HD is most often seen in premature infants.

Answer 9

PDA

Question 10

What is the non-surgical treatment option for PDA?

Answer 10

Indomethacin (anti-PGE1)

Question 11

Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by these 4 features.

Answer 11

• RVOTO
• VSD
• Overriding Aorta
• RVH

Question 12

This is the most common cyanotic CHD if they survive infancy.

Answer 12

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 13

A machinery murmur best heard at the LUSB and a “water-hammer” pulse is consistent with what congenital HD?

Answer 13

PDA

Question 14

If a newborn is born with transposition of the great vessels what needs to occur to keep him alive?

Answer 14

he needs to have a mixing lesion to survive (PFO, PDA, VSD, ASD)

Question 15

What is the best way to evaluate murmurs in kids?

Answer 15

Have them perform the valsava. Most innocent murmurs will decrease.

Question 16

Coarctation of the aorta most often occurs near this landmark. What is the term for this?

Answer 16

ductus arteriosus = juxtaductal

Question 17

A CXR with a “egg on a string” appearance is consistent with what congenital HD?

Answer 17

transposition of the great vessels

Question 18

Which of the classifications for transposition of the great vessels is most commonly seen?

Answer 18

D-TGA + intact septum (60%)

Question 19

A wide, fixed S2 on auscultation is consistent with what congenital HD?

Answer 19

ASD

Question 20

80% of cases of coarctation of the aorta is associated with what other congenital HD?

Answer 20

bicuspid aortic valve

Question 21

What is the most common cause of congenital HD?

Answer 21

VSD

Question 22

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

Answer 22

prolonged high-flow L to R shunt will result in pulmonary HTN and shunt reversal (R to L)

Question 23

T/F: A patient can have peripheral without central cyanosis, but not central without peripheral cyanosis.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A harsh, holosystolic, high pitch murmur on auscultation is consistent with what congenital HD?

Answer 24

VSD

Question 25

A large aortic knob, aka “3 sign”, on CXR is consistent with what congenital HD?

Answer 25

coarctation of the aorta

Question 26

What is the best diagnostic test for any of the congenital HD?

Answer 26

TTE

Question 27

What finding on CXR is consistent with ToF?

Answer 27

Boot shaped heart