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Pediatrics > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

PFTs are rarely performed in children _____ years

A

<7

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2
Q

Early RSV infection is an associated risk factor for what respiratory condition?

A

asthma

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3
Q

What is the atopic triad ? (IgE mediated hypersensitivity)

A
  • asthma
  • rhinitis
  • eczema
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4
Q

What 3 medications can be used to dilate airways with asthma?

A
  • inhaled beta agonists (albuterol, salmeterol)
  • anticholinergic
  • magnesium sulfate (emergency only)
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5
Q

How do you diagnose bronchiolitis?

A

nasal washing

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6
Q

What is the definition of asthma?

A

recurrent, paroxysmal, REVERSIBLE increase in airway resistance

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7
Q

What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?

A

Supportive

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8
Q

If a newborn presents with conjunctivitis, a staccato cough and fluffy infiltrates on CXR what are you concerned for?

A

chlamydia causing pneumonia

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9
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia between 3 months and 2 years of life?

A

Viral

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10
Q

What is the most common outpatient antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in pediatrics?

A

-amoxicillin

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11
Q

What is the inpatient antibiotic therapy for pneumonia? (3 drugs)

What drug is used in severe cases?

A

Inpatient

  • ampicillin
  • ceftriaxone
  • zithromax

Severe cases = vancomycin

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12
Q

How is asthma diagnosed with PFT?

A

FEV1/FVC <70% but reversible with bronchodilator administration

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13
Q

What are the 3 controller medications for long term treatment of asthma?

  • the key controller medication
A
  • leukotriene receptor inhibitors (Montelukast)
  • Cromolyn
  • inhaled steroids (budesonide, fluticasone)*
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14
Q

How long does cough last in bronchiolitis?

A

2-3 weeks

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15
Q

What CXR finding are consistent with asthma?

A

hyperinflation

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16
Q

If a patient presents with cough, retractions, and rhinorrhea what is his most likely diagnoses?

A

-bronchiolitis

17
Q

What pathogen is the primary cause of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

18
Q

Why should newborns with RSV be admitted to the hospital?

A

they are at a significant risk of APNEA in the first 4-6 weeks of life

19
Q

What medication is given for premature infants and those with congenital HD to prevent bronchiolitis in the first year of life?

A

synagis (palivizumab)

20
Q

What are the 2 phases of asthma? What mediates each of these phases?

A
  1. smooth muscle constriction - IgE mediated

2. inflammation - Leukotrienes

21
Q

What is the treatment for emergency asthma?

A

Nebulized bronchodilators (3 back-to-back)

22
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in babies 3 weeks-4 months ?

A

chlamydia

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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