Normal Newborns Flashcards
What drives the maturation of the pulmonary epithelium and lung surfactant production in newborns?
surge in fetal steroid synthesis (adrenal maturity)
What is the classic disease of premature babies and what is the cause?
-RDS d/t surfactant deficiency
Premature infants born before how many weeks are a high risk for surfactant deficiency?
<34 weeks
Lung development continues for how many years after birth?
2 years
What is the standard practice if you know a mother is going to be delivering a premature baby?
give corticosteroids
What is the most common vaginal delivery method?
occiput anterior (OA)
What does the term breech mean?
when anything other than the babies head comes out first
What defines shoulder dystocia?
- if the body of the baby does not come out during the second contraction
- first contraction = head*
What is the treatment for shoulder dystocia?
-break the center of the clavicle to allow the passage of the body of the baby
What is a subgaleal hemorrhage?
very large potential space under scalp that may “bleed out” into their head rapidly
What finding on PE may indicate a fractured clavicle?
asymmetric Moro reflex
If you see a patient in an outpatient setting with a femur or humerus fracture you should suspect what?
domestic abuse
A C5-6 brachial plexus injury is also termed this.
Erb-Duchennen Palsy
A C8-T1 brachial plexus injury is also termed this.
Klumpke palsy
What spinal level innervates the diaphragm?
C3-C5
phrenic nerve
When are the APGAR assessments done?
first minute and 5th minute of life
*if abnormal= continue every 5 minutes
What does the APGAR newborn assessment stand for?
- Activity
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Appearance
- Respiration
What do the APGAR scores indicate?
- 7-10 = well
- 4-6 = moderate depression
- 0-3 = severe depression
What 2 APGAR components are the most essential?
- respiratory effort
- heart rate
What defines a low birth weight?
< 2500 gm
- VLBW = < 1500 gm
- ELBW = <1000 gm
What defines a SGA or LGA baby?
- SGA = <10 percentile for gestational age
- LGA = >90% percentile for gestational age; >4000 gm at term
You should bag a newborn with a valve mask in these 2 instances.
- HR <100 bpm
- poor respiratory effort
During a newborn exam you notice the newborn has decreased tone. What are the 2 common causes?
- Down’s syndrome
- perinatal asphyxia
All babies get what for prophylaxis against gonorrhea/chlamydia
ophthalmic erythromycin
This is given to prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn.
Vitamin K
Bloodspot filter is send to the lab ______ at least 24hr feeding
after
Newborn babies should not be given plain or extra water/juice until they are how old?
> 4 months
What is the difference in frequency of feeding if it is breast milk or fomula?
- breast milk = 2-3 hours
- formula = 3-4 hours
What is the approximate volumes per feed during Day 1, Day 3, Day 10?
- Day 1 = 5 ml (1tsp)
- Day 3 = 1 ounce (30ml)
- Day 10 = 1.5-2 ounce
A newborn should pee how soon after birth?
At least 1+ void within 24 hours
You should work up a newborn if they have not passed meconium for how long after birth?
if >48 hr without passing meconium
After 48 hours, how many voids should the baby be having per day?
5+
