Normal Newborns

Question 1

What drives the maturation of the pulmonary epithelium and lung surfactant production in newborns?

Answer 1

surge in fetal steroid synthesis (adrenal maturity)

Question 2

What is the classic disease of premature babies and what is the cause?

Answer 2

-RDS d/t surfactant deficiency

Question 3

Premature infants born before how many weeks are a high risk for surfactant deficiency?

Answer 3

<34 weeks

Question 4

Lung development continues for how many years after birth?

Answer 4

2 years

Question 5

What is the standard practice if you know a mother is going to be delivering a premature baby?

Answer 5

give corticosteroids

Question 6

What is the most common vaginal delivery method?

Answer 6

occiput anterior (OA)

Question 7

What does the term breech mean?

Answer 7

when anything other than the babies head comes out first

Question 8

What defines shoulder dystocia?

Answer 8

• if the body of the baby does not come out during the second contraction
• first contraction = head*

Question 9

What is the treatment for shoulder dystocia?

Answer 9

-break the center of the clavicle to allow the passage of the body of the baby

Question 10

What is a subgaleal hemorrhage?

Answer 10

very large potential space under scalp that may “bleed out” into their head rapidly

Question 11

What finding on PE may indicate a fractured clavicle?

Answer 11

asymmetric Moro reflex

Question 12

If you see a patient in an outpatient setting with a femur or humerus fracture you should suspect what?

Answer 12

domestic abuse

Question 13

A C5-6 brachial plexus injury is also termed this.

Answer 13

Erb-Duchennen Palsy

Question 14

A C8-T1 brachial plexus injury is also termed this.

Answer 14

Klumpke palsy

Question 15

What spinal level innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 15

C3-C5

phrenic nerve

Question 16

When are the APGAR assessments done?

Answer 16

first minute and 5th minute of life

*if abnormal= continue every 5 minutes

Question 17

What does the APGAR newborn assessment stand for?

Answer 17

• Activity
• Pulse
• Grimace
• Appearance
• Respiration

Question 18

What do the APGAR scores indicate?

Answer 18

• 7-10 = well
• 4-6 = moderate depression
• 0-3 = severe depression

Question 19

What 2 APGAR components are the most essential?

Answer 19

• respiratory effort

- heart rate

Question 20

What defines a low birth weight?

Answer 20

< 2500 gm

• VLBW = < 1500 gm
• ELBW = <1000 gm

Question 21

What defines a SGA or LGA baby?

Answer 21

• SGA = <10 percentile for gestational age

- LGA = >90% percentile for gestational age; >4000 gm at term

Question 22

You should bag a newborn with a valve mask in these 2 instances.

Answer 22

• HR <100 bpm

- poor respiratory effort

Question 23

During a newborn exam you notice the newborn has decreased tone. What are the 2 common causes?

Answer 23

• Down’s syndrome

- perinatal asphyxia

Question 24

All babies get what for prophylaxis against gonorrhea/chlamydia

Answer 24

ophthalmic erythromycin

Question 25

This is given to prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn.

Answer 25

Vitamin K

Question 26

Bloodspot filter is send to the lab ______ at least 24hr feeding

Answer 26

after

Question 27

Newborn babies should not be given plain or extra water/juice until they are how old?

Answer 27

> 4 months

Question 28

What is the difference in frequency of feeding if it is breast milk or fomula?

Answer 28

• breast milk = 2-3 hours

- formula = 3-4 hours

Question 29

What is the approximate volumes per feed during Day 1, Day 3, Day 10?

Answer 29

• Day 1 = 5 ml (1tsp)
• Day 3 = 1 ounce (30ml)
• Day 10 = 1.5-2 ounce

Question 30

A newborn should pee how soon after birth?

Answer 30

At least 1+ void within 24 hours

Question 31

You should work up a newborn if they have not passed meconium for how long after birth?

Answer 31

if >48 hr without passing meconium

Question 32

After 48 hours, how many voids should the baby be having per day?

Answer 32

5+