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Pediatrics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of Hirschsprung disease?

A

absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in rectum

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2
Q

What is the classic finding for duodenal atresia?

A

Double bubble sign on KUB

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3
Q

Most newborns with gastroschisis have this risk factor.

A

born premature

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4
Q

What type of acid-base balance do you expect to see in pyloric stenosis?

A

hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment for intussusception?

A

air/control enema

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6
Q

If a patient has recurrent aspiration pneumonia in early childhood what type of Esophageal atresia are you concerned for?

A

Isolated TEF (H-Type Fistula)

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7
Q

If a newborn presents with bilious vomiting which of the following GI obstructions does he have?

a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater

A

e. distal to Ampulla of Vater

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8
Q

What is the classic sign of Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

painless rectal bleeding

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9
Q

What is the most common type of esophageal atresia? What is the classic symptom?

A
  • EA with distal TEF

- classic sx: constant regurgitation

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10
Q

Duodenal atresia is primarily associated with what risk factor?

A

polyhydramnios

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11
Q

A newborn presents with feeding intolerance. You notice distension of the abdomen. On KUB you notice pneumatosis intestinalis. What condition are you concerned for?

A

necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in kids 2-5 years?

A

intussusception

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13
Q

What is the treatment for duodenal atresia? (2 components)

A
  • NGT

- Duodenostomy

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14
Q

If a newborn presents with bilious emesis and abdominal distension which of the following GI obstructions does he have?

a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater

A

d. distal

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15
Q

If a newborn presents with bilious emesis and scaphoid abdomen which of the following GI obstructions does he have?

a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater

A

c. duodenal/jejunal

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16
Q

In this type of hernia there is a full thickness complete abdominal wall defect and the viscera is exposed.

A

gastroschisis

17
Q

What position should you have a newborn sit in after eating meals if he has reflux/GERD?

A

Semi-upright position for 30 min after eating -> beware car seat slump

18
Q

What OTC medication can be prescribed for constipation?

A

Miralax (PEG)

19
Q

What is the classic sign of pyloric stenosis on physical exam? What exam should you perform next?

A
  • classic sx: olive mass in epigastrium

- next exam = ultrasound upper GI

20
Q

Which of the following is associated with extraintestinal defects?

a. omphalocele
b. gastroschisis

A

a. omphalocele

21
Q

If a newborn presents with nonbiliary emesis which of the following GI obstructions does he have?

a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater

A

b. gastric outlet

22
Q

If a newborn presents with chocking, regurgitation, excessive secretions which of the following GI obstructions does he have?

a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater

A

a. Esophageal

23
Q

What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis?

A

pyloromyotomy

24
Q

In this condition the patient has a blind omphalomesenteric duct 2 feet from the ileocecal valve.

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

25
Q

This type of hernia is covered by a sac made of fused layers of amnion and peritoneum. The remainder of the abdominal wall and musculature is intact.

A

omphalocele

26
Q

The classic sign for this disease is failure to pass meconium in the first 48 hrs of life. The newborn has severe constipation.

A

Hirschsprung disease

27
Q

Which of the following statements regarding intussusception is NOT true?

a. the patient will have ‘currant-jelly’ stools
b. you may feel a sausage shaped mass in epigastrium
c. classic sign on US is a ‘target sign’
d. the patient will complain of constant abdominal pain

A

d. the patient will complain of constant abdominal pain

* ABD PAIN IN ACUTE EPISODES*

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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