GI Flashcards
What is the cause of Hirschsprung disease?
absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in rectum
What is the classic finding for duodenal atresia?
Double bubble sign on KUB
Most newborns with gastroschisis have this risk factor.
born premature
What type of acid-base balance do you expect to see in pyloric stenosis?
hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis
What is the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment for intussusception?
air/control enema
If a patient has recurrent aspiration pneumonia in early childhood what type of Esophageal atresia are you concerned for?
Isolated TEF (H-Type Fistula)
If a newborn presents with bilious vomiting which of the following GI obstructions does he have?
a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater
What is the classic sign of Meckel’s Diverticulum?
painless rectal bleeding
What is the most common type of esophageal atresia? What is the classic symptom?
- EA with distal TEF
- classic sx: constant regurgitation
Duodenal atresia is primarily associated with what risk factor?
polyhydramnios
A newborn presents with feeding intolerance. You notice distension of the abdomen. On KUB you notice pneumatosis intestinalis. What condition are you concerned for?
necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in kids 2-5 years?
intussusception
What is the treatment for duodenal atresia? (2 components)
- NGT
- Duodenostomy
If a newborn presents with bilious emesis and abdominal distension which of the following GI obstructions does he have?
a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater
d. distal
If a newborn presents with bilious emesis and scaphoid abdomen which of the following GI obstructions does he have?
a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater
c. duodenal/jejunal
In this type of hernia there is a full thickness complete abdominal wall defect and the viscera is exposed.
gastroschisis
What position should you have a newborn sit in after eating meals if he has reflux/GERD?
Semi-upright position for 30 min after eating -> beware car seat slump
What OTC medication can be prescribed for constipation?
Miralax (PEG)
What is the classic sign of pyloric stenosis on physical exam? What exam should you perform next?
- classic sx: olive mass in epigastrium
- next exam = ultrasound upper GI
Which of the following is associated with extraintestinal defects?
a. omphalocele
b. gastroschisis
a. omphalocele
If a newborn presents with nonbiliary emesis which of the following GI obstructions does he have?
a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater
b. gastric outlet
If a newborn presents with chocking, regurgitation, excessive secretions which of the following GI obstructions does he have?
a. Esophageal
b. gastric outlet
c. duodenal/jejunal
d. distal
e. distal to Ampulla of Vater
a. Esophageal
What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis?
pyloromyotomy
In this condition the patient has a blind omphalomesenteric duct 2 feet from the ileocecal valve.
Meckel’s Diverticulum
This type of hernia is covered by a sac made of fused layers of amnion and peritoneum. The remainder of the abdominal wall and musculature is intact.
omphalocele
The classic sign for this disease is failure to pass meconium in the first 48 hrs of life. The newborn has severe constipation.
Hirschsprung disease
Which of the following statements regarding intussusception is NOT true?
a. the patient will have ‘currant-jelly’ stools
b. you may feel a sausage shaped mass in epigastrium
c. classic sign on US is a ‘target sign’
d. the patient will complain of constant abdominal pain
d. the patient will complain of constant abdominal pain
* ABD PAIN IN ACUTE EPISODES*
