Endocrine

Question 1

How to you calculate the midparental height?

Answer 1

• men = (FH + MH + 13)/2

- women = (FH + MH -13)/2

Question 2

Constitutional growth delay is also called what?

Answer 2

late bloomers

Question 3

What 3 endocrinopathies can cause growth delays?

Answer 3

• GH deficiency
• hypothyroid
• Cushing syndrome

Question 4

____ year delay in the bone age compared with chronological age suggests endocrine or constitutional delay

Answer 4

> 2 year delay

Question 5

What is the first sign of puberty in boys?

Answer 5

• growth of testis

Question 6

What is the first sign of puberty in girls?

Answer 6

• breast development

* sometimes pubic hair

Question 7

How is precocious puberty defined for black/white females or boys?

Answer 7

• black females = age 7
• white females = age 8
• boys = age 9

Question 8

How is delayed puberty defined for males vs females?

Answer 8

• males = no change by 14

- females = no change by 13 OR no menarche by 5 yrs post start of pubertal changes (or >16 yrs)

Question 9

Hyperpigmentation indicates an increase in what hormone? and what condition?

Answer 9

• ACTH

- primary adrenal insufficiency

Question 10

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by a lack of what enzyme?

Answer 10

• 21 Hydroxylase

Question 11

What is the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Answer 11

• defect in cortisol synthesis leads to increased androgen production

Question 12

What is the hallmark sign of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in females?

Answer 12

• ambiguous genitalia

Question 13

What hormone will be elevated in CAH?

Answer 13

• 17-OH progesterone

Question 14

What is the treatment for CAH?

Answer 14

• replace cortisol

Question 15

What is the hallmark sign of posterior urethral valves?

Answer 15

• bilateral hydronephrosis

Question 16

What is the treatment for posterior urethral valves?

Answer 16

• primary transurethral valve ablation

Question 17

All boys who present with an UTI in the first year of life need to be assessed for this condition.

Answer 17

posterior urethral valves

*VCUG

Question 18

Cryptorchidism increases the risk of what type of cancer?

Answer 18

• seminoma

* second risk = infertility

Question 19

An orchidopexy for treatment of cryptorchidism decreases the risk of what?

Answer 19

• infertility

* does not remove malignancy risk

Question 20

How much time does a patient have to treat testicular torsion with surgery?

Answer 20

< 6 hours

Question 21

If you perform the cremasteric reflex in a patient with testicular portion what would you expect the findings to be?

Answer 21

absent cremasteric reflex

Question 22

What is the diagnostic test of choice for testicular torsion?

Answer 22

• color flow doppler US

* absence of blood flow to testis

Question 23

A blue dot sign is consistent with what condition?

Answer 23

• torsion of appendix testis

Question 24

What is the most common pediatric acquired renal failure?

Answer 24

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Question 25

What type of anemia is seen in HUS?

Answer 25

• microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Question 26

HUS is associated with what 2 infections?

Answer 26

• E coli 0157:H7

- Shigella