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Pediatrics > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

If a laryngoscopy demonstrates an “omega-shaped” epiglottis that collapses during inspiration + bulky arytenoids that prolapse on inspiration what disease does this patient likely has?

A

Laryngomalacia

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2
Q

How is otitis externa treated?

A

topical antibiotic + steroids

*treat both ears

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3
Q

What XR finding is common in tracheitis?

A

-subglottic hazziness

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4
Q

What is the general safety rule to prevent children from aspirating foreign bodies?

A

if it can fit through a toilet paper hole it can fit in a patients mouth

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5
Q

The common sign of this condition is a “seal-like barking” cough that further progresses to stridor.

A

Croup (aka laryngotracheobronchitis)

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6
Q

What PE test is indicative of otitis externa?

A

pain with manipulation of the tragus and pinna

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7
Q

For all moderate-severe croup what drug therapy is indicated?

A

single dose steroid (decadron) check spelling

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8
Q

This is the most common congenital anomaly of larynx.

A

Laryngomalacia (Tracheomalacia)

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9
Q

What foreign body in the nasal passage is an emergency?

A

battery

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10
Q

What is the classic signs of EBV? (3)

A
  • prominent tender posterior lymphadenopathy
  • more prominent fatigue
  • periorbital edema
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11
Q

If a patient presents with a sandpaper rash and strawberry tongue what disease should you be concerned about?

A

-Scarlet Fever

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12
Q

How is mastoiditis treated?

A

IV antibiotics, sometimes surgery

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13
Q

The most common cause of croup is what?

A

parainfluenza

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14
Q

How is severe AOM treated? (3 options)

A
  1. Amoxicillin x 10 days
  2. Augmentin x 10 days (if recurrent or refractory)
  3. Azithromycin x 5 days (PCN allergy)
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15
Q

The rule for ingested foreign body is what?

A

If the foreign body is in the stomach just let them poop it out.

If the foreign body is in the esophagus they need surgery

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16
Q

Acute mastoiditis is 2x more likely in untreated ___________.

A

acute otitis media

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of otitis externa?

A

swimming due to excessive moisture and trauma

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18
Q

What is the treatment for tracheitis?

A
  • Possible intubation

- IV antibiotics (vancomycin)

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19
Q

When would you consider bacterial sinusitis and how would it be treated?

A

if purulent rhinorrhea more than 2-3 weeks

treat with 2+ weeks of antibiotics

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20
Q

Inspiratory stridor, worsened when supine or agitated. That may be worsened by GERD is common findings for what condition?

A

Laryngomalacia (Tracheomalacia)

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21
Q

What 2 organisms are often the culprit of otitis externa?

A
  • staph A

- pseudomonas

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22
Q

What findings on CBC is consistent with EBV?

A

-lymphocytosis + >10% atypical lymphocytes

23
Q

Why do most infants between 6-36 months of age get AOM?

A

-they have a shallow angle of the eustachian tube

24
Q

How is Laryngomalacia treated?

A

-Reassurance

25
Q

Rheumatic fever is preventable if GAS treatment starts how soon?

A

within 9 days of onset

26
Q

What is the classic sign of epiglottitis on lateral CXR?

A

thumb sign

27
Q

A unilateral, purulent, +/- bloody discharge in the nose is consistent with what?

A

nasal foreign body

28
Q

When do the sphenoid and frontal sinuses develop?

A
  • sphenoid = 5-6 years

- frontal = 8-10 years

29
Q

What are the 3 organisms that are often the culprit of AOM?

A
  • Strep pneumo
  • H.flu
  • M.cat
30
Q

If a patient presents with a bulging TM that has decreased mobility what should be on your differential?

A

acute otitis media

31
Q

If a patient presents with a new onset persistent cough, recurrent pneumonia, and a new focal wheeze what should you be concerned about?

A

Aspirated foreign body

32
Q

What is the classic triad of peritonsillar abscess?

A
  • Drooling
  • Trismus
  • “Hot potato” voice
33
Q

The late development of the frontal sinuses means what?

A

protracted rhinorrhea in young children is more likely due to multiple viral URIs rather than bacterial sinusitis. No antibiotics needed

34
Q

What lab test can be used to confirm EBV diagnoses?

A

“mono-spot” anti-heterophile test

*not reliable < 6 yo

35
Q

This is the leading cause of death at home for toddlers (2-4 years of age).

A

Aspirated foreign bodies

36
Q

All patients with EBV need to remain out of contact sports for how long?

A

6 weeks

37
Q

AOM usually has an acute onset at what time of the day?

A

middle of the night

38
Q

When are tympanostomy tubes indicated? (3)

A
  • recurrent OM >4 per 12 months
  • persistant middle ear effusion > 3 months with hearing impairment
  • TM deformation from retraction
39
Q

If a patient presents with an AOM but he has a tympanostomy tube, what finding would help with diagnoses?

A

fluid from middle ear would drain from tube

40
Q

What is the treatment for EBV?

A

no treatment; reassurance

41
Q

What findings on EBV serology test indicate a previous infection?

A

VCA IgG

NA-1 IgG

42
Q

Pharyngitis is most often caused by what type of infection?

A

viral

43
Q

What classic sign is seen on CXR in patients with croup?

A

“steeple sign”

44
Q

If a patient has severe stridor with respiratory distress what should you do?

A

racemic epinephrine nebulizer + observation for 4 hours

45
Q

If a patient presents with dysphagia, respiratory distress and stridor what should you be on your differential?

A

-Epiglottitis

46
Q

How is GAS treated? (3 options )

A
  1. penicillin
  2. cephalosporin (PCN sensitive)
  3. azithromycin (PCN allergy)
47
Q

This condition is a mix of “croup” + bacterial superinfection.

A

tracheitis

48
Q

What findings on EBV serology test indicates a late infection?

A

High EA-D IgG + high VCA IgG

49
Q

Peritonsillar abscess is a possible complication of what type of infection?

A

GAS pharyngitis

50
Q

What do you need to assess in a patient with EBV and why?

A

-hepatospenomegaly because risk of splenic rupture is high.

51
Q

How is peritonsillar abscess treated?

A
  • surgical drainage

- antibiotics

52
Q

90% of patients with mononucleosis will have a rash if you give them what antibiotic?

A

amoxicillin

53
Q

How is epiglottitis treated?

A

call to ENT and anesthesia who will move forward with surgery

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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