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Mathematics > Shoulder pathology > Flashcards

Shoulder pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is Biceps Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis

A

Pain over anterolateral shoulder that radiates down
Inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon(tendinitis) within the bicipital groove and the tendon sheath(tenosynovitis)

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2
Q

appearance of Biceps Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis

A

Enlarged thickened hypoechoic tendon

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3
Q

what is acute tendinitis

A

Rotator Cuff tendons become inflamed or irritated.

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4
Q

acute shoulder tendinitis comon is

A

Common with athletes and AKA:
Swimmer’s shoulder
Pitcher’s shoulder
Tennis shoulder

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5
Q

acute tendonitis symptoms (4)

A

Pain triggered by arm movement
Swelling in front of shoulder
Stiffness
Clicking sound with arm movement

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6
Q

what is chronic tendonitis

A

Long term inflammation and degeneration of tissue in one or more of the tendons of the shoulder
Calcifications may form and restrict movement within the shoulder

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7
Q

when is chronic tendonitis more likely to occur

A

due to repetitive motions over time which puts stress on the tendons

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8
Q

chronic tendinitis symptoms (4)

A

Pain and discomfort for my than 6 months
Pain worsened during use, at night, or in the morning
Stiffness
Loss of strength

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9
Q

The shoulder is built for _____, not _____

A

MOTION NOT STABILITY

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10
Q

injury rate of shoulder depends on (3)

A

Shallowness of glenoid fossa
Laxity of ligaments
Strength of muscles

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11
Q

3 types of shoulder instability

A

shoulder subluxation
shoulder dislocation
shoulder seperation

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12
Q

what is Shoulder subluxation

A

Incomplete or partial dislocation

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13
Q

what is Shoulder dislocation

A

Complete dislocation of the GH joint

Most common anteriorly and inferiorly

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14
Q

what is shoulder separation

A

Complete dislocation of the AC joint

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15
Q

glenohumeral instability is most common wher

A

anterointerior

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16
Q

glenohumeral instability caused by

A

overstretching of the middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments.

17
Q

what is SUBACROMIAL IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME

A

Entrapment, or impingement, of the structures in the subacromial space – between the CA arch and greater tuberosity.

18
Q

Subacromial space contains (3)

A

rotator cuff tendons (primarily supraspinatus), long head of biceps tendon, subacromial bursa.

19
Q

3 stages of impingement syndrome with age and appearance

A 
1. <25 years old, overuse injury
    edema
2. 25-40 years old,
    fibrosis, bursal thickening
3. >50 years old
    partial or ft tear or rupture
20
Q

what is rotator cuff interval

A

hypoechoic area surrounding the cross-sectioned long head of the biceps tendon
this area could be mistaken for a rotator cuff tear
varies in size and may not be apparent in some individuals

21
Q

thinning of the rotator cuff at the supraspinatus-infraspinatus interface is a________ and should not be mistaken for a _________.

A

normal finding

partial thickness tear

22
Q

thinning of the rotator cuff at the supraspinatus-infraspinatus interface seen in patients with

A

rheumatoid arhtritis

23
Q

Most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle

A

the supraspinatus.

24
Q

rotator cuff tears/failure usually from

A

subacromial impingement

may be also a traumatic tear

25
Q

complete tear

A

Result of repeated movements or sudden injury

Tears all the way through to the tendon or it can rip the tendon off of the bone

26
Q

complete tear symptoms

A

Clicking or popping when you move your arm
Pain when you move your arm or lie on it
Weakness in arm

27
Q

Full Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears visualized criteria

A

1.Complete non visualization of the cuff
“bare shoulder” or massive tear
2. Localized or focal nonvisualization of cuff
Occur in anterolateral critical zone
with deltoid herniation sign
3. Discontinuity of the cuff
Smaller tear associated with fluid collection from SA-SD bursa
with double cortex sign
4. Abnormal cuff echogenicity
Focal area of increased or decreased echogenicity
Least reliable

YEah this is a long card but they gotta go together

28
Q

full thickness tear sono signs (2)

A

Deltoid Herniation sign -defined pieces of cuff seperated by herniation of deltoid muscle into tear

Double cortex sign-bright reflective line at the surface of cartilage overlying the humeral head in the presence of focal overlying fluid

29
Q

what is Critical Zoneof the rotator cuff

A

area of relative avascularity on the supraspinatus muscle tendon near its insertion (tenoperiosteal junction) on the greater tubercle of the humerus.

30
Q

key difference between partial and full thickness rotator cuff tear

A

FTRC tears allow communication of the glenohumeral and the SA-SD bursa, partial thickness tears do not

31
Q

both Partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears should be always verified by

A

verified in two orthogonal directions.

32
Q

partial tears happen

A

over time while repeating the same arm motion

Common in tennis and baseball

33
Q

partial tear symptoms

A

Symptoms can include
Difficulty lifting arm
Weakness in shoulder
Trouble doing things you normally do

34
Q

3 types of partial tears

A

intrasubstance
articular surface
bursal surface

35
Q

intrasubstance PT is

A

most common

36
Q

articular surface PT description

A

early supraspinatus tear within
the critical zone, associated with focal cortical
irregularity of the humerus

37
Q

minor criteria for tears

A
  1. intra or extra articular fluid collections
  2. abnormal contour of subdeltoid bursa
  3. elevation of humeral head
38
Q
  1. abnormal contour of subdeltoid bursa description
A
  • concavity= medium or large tear

- thickness – normal SA-SD bursa measures 2 mm or less

39
Q

elevation of humeral head description

A
  • massive tear

- compare with normal side

Mathematics (30 decks)

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