Foot and ankle scan protocol Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

Structure of interest in anterior ankle (3)

A

anterior joint space, anterior extensor tendons, anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

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2
Q

normal amount of fluid in anterior joint space

A

3mm

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3
Q

anterior talo-fibula ligament (ATFL) appearance

A

2cm long, 3mm tight fibrillar structure anglesd toward the second toes

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4
Q

Tibio-Fibula ligament has similar appearance to

A

anterior talo-fibula ligament

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5
Q

extensor tendons consist of

A

extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis and tibialis anterior

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6
Q

how do we tell separate extensor tendon

A

by independently mobilising each of the toes and watching the tendons glide, you can identify which is which and exclude tendon rupture

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7
Q

lateral ankle structures of interest

A

peroneous longus and brevis tendons
calcaneo- fibula ligament
anterior talo fibula ligament

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8
Q

Which is more common Ankle ligament injury or tendon injury

A

ligament injury

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9
Q

most commonly injured ankle ligament

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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10
Q

most commonly dislocated

A

peroneal tendons

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11
Q

which is closer to bone Peroneus longus and brevis tendons

A

peroneus brevis

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12
Q

what is important to see with peroneus brevis

A

insertion onto the base of 5th metatarsal

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13
Q

where do we put the probe to see calcaneo fibular ligament

A

probe diagonally under the malleolus, angled from the fibula to the heel

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14
Q

medial ankle structures of interest

A
Tibialis Posterior tendon
Flexor Digitorum tendon
Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
Deltoid ligament
Posterior tibial nerve
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15
Q

posterior ankle structures of interest

A

Achilles tendon
Retrocalcaneal (Kager’s) fat-pad
Retrocalcaneal bursa
Plantar fascia

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16
Q

Normal thickness of achilles tendon

17
Q

most frequently injured ankle tendon

A

achilles tendon

18
Q

Most common site injury on achilles tendon

A

2-6 cm proximal to calcaneal insertion (area relative avascularity)

19
Q

achilles tendon is only ankle tendon that does not have

A

synovial sheath

20
Q

should achilles tendon have fluid around it?

21
Q

normal amount of fluid in retrocalacaneal bursa

22
Q

normal thickness and echotexture of plantar fascia

A

3-4mm and uniform echotexture

23
Q

plantar fascia seen as ________ structure inserting on ____

A

fibrillar structure inserting onto the calcaneum

24
Q

plantar fascia appearance

A

flat and homogenous

25
what is plantar fibromatosis
fusiform nodule thickenings of the plantar fascia
26
where is plantar plate seen arising
base of prosimal phalanx on the plantar aspect
27
how do you visual plantar plate fully
extend the toe
28
US appearance of the plantar plates
homogeneous elongated wedge arising from the base of the proximal phalanx extending under the heard of the metatarsal
29
mortons neuroma seen as
a non compressible, hypoechoic rounded mass at the metatarsal head interspace
30
intermetatarsal bursa bursa appearance
hypoechoic area between the metatarsal heads but will be compressible and avascular. It will be seen to bulge out the plantar aspect.
31
gout joint effusion is
Abnormal uric acid metabolism resulting in joint inflammation. May see tophaceous gout as a complex echogenic mass (tophus) in the soft tissue of the big toe.
32
Osteoarthritis is
Bony irregularity at the bone ends with joint effusion. When acute the joint will be hyperaemic
33
Rheumatoid arthritis is
Thickened synovium with a complex 'thick' joint effusion, pannus & associated boney iregularity.