hand/ wrist pathology Flashcards
carpel tunnel syndrome is
the impairment of motor and/or sensory function of the median nerve as it traverses through the carpal tunnel.
carpel tunnel symptoms
numbness, pins and needles, and pain (particularly at night).
what can cause carpel tunnel
Anything that causes swelling inside the wrist can cause carpal tunnel syndrome, including repetitive hand movements, pregnancy and arthritis.
signals of compression on US are
nerve swelling at the distal forearm or proximal tunnel
nerve flattening in the distal carpal tunnel and palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum
if a nerve is compressed it may appear
exhibit loss of the normal fascicular pattern and reduced echogenicity.
diagnosis size of CTS is cross section area of median nerve of
9mm (squared) at proximal tunnel
what is stenosing tenosynovitis
repetitive microtrauma results in thickening of the A1 pulley, which leads to stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons.
what difficulties are seen with stenosing tenosynovitis
difficult to straighten or bend the affected finger
finger transiently gets locked in the flexed position and then with a painful snapping sensation goes into extension
US appearance of stenosing tenosynovitis
thickening of the A1 pulley that overlies the metacarpal heads
alteration in echotexture of the flexor tendons that pass through the digital tunnel
synovial sheath effusion around the tendons
what is a ganglion cyst
non-malignant cystic massesthat occur withinmuscles, menisci and tendons
what gender is ganglion cyst more common in
females
ganglion cysts most commonly occur where
dorm of wrist
other locations of ganglion cyst
knee (ACL cyst) , spinoglenoid notch, ankle/foot
ganglion cyst US appearance
anechoic to hypoechoic on ultrasound and have well defined margins. Many demonstrateinternal septations as well as acoustic enhancement.
