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Anatomy > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Vertical, longitudinal depression found on the anterolateral side of the proximal humerus. Separates the greater and lesser tubercles.

A

Intertubercular Sulcus (Bicipital groove)

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2
Q

Triangular prominence found at the middle third of the anterolateral surface of the humerus.

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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3
Q

Shallow depression that runs diagonally down the posterior surface of the humerus.

A

Radial groove

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4
Q

Portion of the scapula that meets the clavicle

A

Acromion

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5
Q

Hook-shaped bone structure projecting anterolaterally from the superior aspect of the scapular neck.

A

Coracoid Process

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6
Q

Concave area of the scapula on the anterior surface

A

Subscapular fossa

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7
Q

The upper, deeply concave area on the dorsal surface of the scapula.

A

Supraspinous fossa

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8
Q

The lower, slightly concave area on the dorsal surface of the scapula

A

Infraspinous Fossa

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9
Q

Area on the lateral side of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

A

Glenoid Fossa/Cavity

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10
Q

Superficial vein of the shoulder that runs in the deltopectoral groove.

A

Cephalic vein

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11
Q

Action of the anterior (clavicular) deltoid muscle

A

Flexion of the arm and medial rotation

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12
Q

Action of the middle (acromial) deltoid muscle

A

Abduction of the arm

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13
Q

Action of the posterior (spinal) deltoid muscle

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the arm

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14
Q

Innervation of the deltoid muscle

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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15
Q

Nerve that supplies the deltoid muscle and is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

Axillary nerve

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16
Q

Action of the subclavius muscle

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

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17
Q

Innervation of the subclavius muscle

A

Nerve to subclavius

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18
Q

Action of the Serratus Anterior muscle

A

Protraction and rotation of the scapula, and holds it against thoracic wall

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19
Q

Innervation of the Serratus Anterior muscle

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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20
Q

Scapular winging due to deficiency in trapezius function from injury to the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

Lateral scapular winging

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21
Q

Scapular winging due to a deficit in Serratus Anterior function from injury to the muscle itself or to the long thoracic nerve

A

Medial scapular winging

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22
Q

Muscle involved in lateral scapular winging

A

Trapezius

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23
Q

Muscle involved in medial scapular winging

A

Serratus Anterior

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24
Q

Lateral scapular winging involves this movement of the scapula

A

Protraction

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25
Q

Medial scapular winging involves this movement of the scapula

A

Retraction

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26
Q

Action of the Teres Major muscle

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus

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27
Q

Innervation of the Teres Major muscle

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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28
Q

Action of the Teres Minor muscle

A

External (lateral) rotation and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
Stabilization of the glenoid cavity
(Rotator cuff muscle)

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29
Q

Innervation of the Teres Minor muscle

A

Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

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30
Q

Action of the Supraspinatus muscle

A

Abduction initiation of the arm to 15 degrees at the glenohumeral joint
(Rotator Cuff muscle)

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31
Q

Innervation of the Supraspinatus muscle

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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32
Q

Action of the Infraspinatus muscle

A

External (lateral) rotation of the arm at the shoulder joint. Stabilizes the glenoid cavity.
(Rotator cuff muscle)

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33
Q

Innervation of the Infraspinatus muscle

A

Suprascapular nerve

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34
Q

Action of the Subscapularis muscle

A

Medially rotates arm
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
(Rotator cuff muscle)

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35
Q

Innervation of the Subscapularis muscle

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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36
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Teres minor, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis

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37
Q

This neurovascular structure of the scapular region goes over the superior transverse ligament

A

Suprascapular artery

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38
Q

This neurovascular structure of the scapular region goes under the superior transverse ligament

A

Suprascapular nerve

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39
Q

Neurovascular structures that make up the Quadrangular space of the scapular region

A

Axillary nerve and Posterior circumflex humoral artery

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40
Q

Neurovascular structures that make up the Triangular space of the scapular region

A

Circumflex Scapular artery and vein

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41
Q

Neurovascular structures that make up the Triangular interval of the scapular region

A

Profunda Brachii artery and Radial nerve

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42
Q

Conditions that occurs when a baby’s neck is stretched during labor and delivery. Results in damage to the upper nerves of the neck and shoulder, causing muscles in the baby’s arm to be weak

A

Erb’s Palsy

43
Q

Action of the Pectoralis Major muscle

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus.
Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly (clavicular head of the muscle alone flexes the humerus, and the sternocostal head of the muscle extends the humerus from flexed position)

44
Q

The two regions of the Pectoralis Major muscle

A

Clavicular head (medial half of the clavicle)
Sternocostal Head (sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the anterior thorax)

45
Q

Innervation of the Pectoralis Major muscle

A

Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerves (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)

46
Q

Action of the Pectoralis Minor muscle

A

Draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
Stabilizes scapula

47
Q

Innervation of the Pectoralis Minor muscle

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

48
Q

This is revealed after reflecting the pectoralis major and minor muscles

A

Axilla (location of the brachial plexus)

49
Q

Type of joint that the glenohumeral joint is

A

Synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula

50
Q

Synovial joints involve the lining of bones with this

A

Articular cartilage

51
Q

Ligaments that forms the roof of the glenohumeral joint

A

Coracoclavicular ligament and coracoacromial ligament

52
Q

Part of the glenohumeral joint that travels through the intertubercular sulcus

A

Long head of the biceps muscle

53
Q

Ligament in the sternoclavicular joint that connects the sternal end of the clavicle with the manubrium of sternum

A

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament

54
Q

Ligament in the sternoclavicular joint that connects the sternal ends of the clavicles

A

Interclavicular ligament

55
Q

Ligament in the sternoclavicular joint that connects the sternal end of the clavicle with the cartilage of the 1st rib

A

Costoclavicular ligament

56
Q

3 ligaments that make up the fibrous membrane of the glenohumeral joint capsule, providing joint stability.

A

Capsular ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament

57
Q

Sheath that overlines the tendon of biceps brachii muscles all the way around the humerus, providing the humerus with a larger surface area to glide along the glenoid fossa. Contains synovial membrane and fibrous membrane.

A

Articular capsule

58
Q

Outpouching of articular cartilage that sits on the lips of articular cartilage, increasing stability and shock absorption of the glenohumeral joint

A

Glenoid labrum

59
Q

Occur when the synovial membrane protruders through apertures in the fibrous membrane.
These lie between tendons of surrounding muscles and the fibrous membrane.

A

Bursae

60
Q

Muscles that act in adduction of the glenohumeral joint

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major, Teres Major

61
Q

Muscles that act in abduction of the glenohumeral joint

A

0-15 degrees: supraspinatus muscle
15-90 degrees: deltoid muscle
90-180 degrees: trapezius muscle and serratus anterior

62
Q

Anterior boundary of the axilla

A

Pectoralis major muscle, clavipectoral fascia, the clavicle

63
Q

Posterior border of the axilla

A

Subscapularis muscle, teres major muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle

64
Q

Medial border of the axilla

A

Serratus anterior muscle covering the thoracic cage

65
Q

Lateral border of the axilla

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

66
Q

Inferior border of the axilla

A

Skin and fascia of armpit

67
Q

The axillary artery starts at this artery in the neck

A

Subclavian artery

68
Q

Location where the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery

A

Lateral margin of rib 1

69
Q

Location where the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery

A

Inferior margin of teres major muscle

70
Q

This muscle separates the axillary artery into 3 parts

A

Pectoralis minor

71
Q

Part of the axillary artery between the clavicle and pectoralis minor muscle

A

1st part

72
Q

Part of the axillary artery covered by the pectoralis minor muscle

A

2nd part

73
Q

Part of the axillary artery between the pectoralis minor muscle and teres major muscle

A

3rd part

74
Q

Branch(es) of the 1st part of the axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic artery

75
Q

Branch(es) of the 2nd part of the axillary artery

A

Thoracoacromial artery (with 4 branches) and lateral thoracic artery

76
Q

Branches of the thoracoacromial artery

A

Clavicular, Pectoral, Acromial, and Deltoid

77
Q

Branch(es) of the 3rd part of the axillary artery

A

Subscapular artery (2 divisions) and Anterior and Posterior Circumflex Humeral arteries

78
Q

Divisions of the subscapular artery

A

Circumflex artery and thoracodorsal artery

79
Q

Axillary lymph nodes that drain 75% of the lymph from the breasts and so may swell in cancer

A

Sentinel nodes

80
Q

Roots that make up the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C5 and C6

81
Q

Roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

82
Q

Roots that form the middle trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C7

83
Q

roots that form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C8 and T1

84
Q

Divisions that form the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

85
Q

Divisions that form the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

Posterior divisions of the superior, middle, and inferior trunks

86
Q

Divisions that form the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

Anterior division of the inferior trunk

87
Q

Roots that contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

88
Q

Roots that contribute to the axillary nerve

A

C5, C6

89
Q

Roots that contribute to the Radial nerve

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

90
Q

Roots that contribute to the median nerve

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

91
Q

Roots that contribute to the ulnar nerve

A

C7, C8, T1

92
Q

Nerve that branches off the C5 nerve root

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

93
Q

Nerve that branches off the C5, C6, and C7 nerve roots

A

Long thoracic nerve

94
Q

Nerves that branch off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius

95
Q

Nerve that branches off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

96
Q

Nerves that branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves, thoracodorsal nerve

97
Q

Nerves that branch off the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm of forearm and medial pectoral nerve

98
Q

This nerve can be injured in a radical mastectomy

A

Long thoracic nerve

99
Q

Radial nerve compression that occurs when a person falls asleep with their arm resting on the back of their chair

A

Saturday Night Palsy

100
Q

Radial nerve compression that occurs when another individual sleeping on one’s arm overnight and compressing the nerve

A

Honeymoon Palsy

101
Q

Radial nerve compression that occurs from compression on nerve from ill-fitting or extended use of crutches

A

Crutch Palsy

102
Q

Nerve which provides sensation to the lateral three and a half fingers on the anterior (palmar) surface of the hand

A

Median nerve

103
Q

Nerve which provides sensation to the medial one and half fingers and the associated palm area. Damage causes a “claw”

A

Ulnar nerve

Anatomy (23 decks)

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