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Anatomy > Abdominal Walls > Flashcards

Abdominal Walls Flashcards

1
Q

The line that separates the epigastric region from the umbilical region is at the level of this

A

Subcostal (L3)

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2
Q

The line that separates the umbilical region from the pubic region is at this level

A

Transtubercular (L5)

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3
Q

Abdominal region above the subcostal line and lateral to the midclavicular lines

A

Right and left hypochondriac regions

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4
Q

Abdominal region below the transtubercular line and lateral to the midclavicular lines

A

Right and left inguinal regions

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5
Q

Abdominal region above the umbilical region

A

Epigastric region

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6
Q

Abdominal region between the epigastric and pubic regions

A

Umbilical

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7
Q

Abdominal region below the umbilica region

A

Pubic region

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8
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Camper fascia

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9
Q

Tissue utilized for liposuction

A

Camper fascia

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10
Q

Deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Scarpa fascia

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11
Q

Sutures are usually found in this layer

A

Deep investing fascia

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12
Q

Deepest layer before the peritoneal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

Potential space between Scarpa fascia and external oblique aponeurosis

A

Superficial inguinal space

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14
Q

Urine might extravasate up to this level in a urethral rupture

A

Axilla

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15
Q

Urethral ruptures involve urine in this region

A

Superficial inguinal space

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16
Q

The superficial inguinal space is between these layers

A

Scarpa fascia and External oblique aponeurosis

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17
Q

In a urethral rupture, urine can’t spread to the thigh due to the fusion of these

A

Scarpa fascia and fascia lata
Along a line inferior and parallel to the inguinal ligament

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18
Q

Intercostal nerves are from these spinal nerves

A

T7-11

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19
Q

Subcostal nerve is from this spinal nerves

A

T12

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20
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve is from this spinal nerves

A

L1

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21
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve is from this spinal nerves

A

L1

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22
Q

Fibrous band of connective tissue that runs down the middle of the abdomen, separating the left and right rectus abdominis muscles

A

Linea alba

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23
Q

The linea alba separates the left and right portion of this muscle

A

Rectus abdominis

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24
Q

Muscle that has tendinous intersections

A

Rectus abdominis

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25
Q

Bands of connective tissue that divide the rectus abdominis muscle into segments

A

Tendinous intersections

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26
Q

Small triangular muscle anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle and contained in the rectus sheath

A

Pyramidalis muscle

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27
Q

Thickened lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

A

Inguinal ligament

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28
Q

The inguinal ligament is the thickened border of the aponeurosis of this muscle

A

External oblique

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29
Q

The inguinal ligament extends from these two structures

A

Superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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30
Q

Fused inguinal fibers of internal oblique and the transverse abdominis which insert into the pubis

A

Conjoint tendon (Falx inguinalis)

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31
Q

The conjoint tendon (Falx inguinalis) is fused inguinal fibers of these two muscles

A

Internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles

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32
Q

Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall are supplied by these nerves (3)

A

Ventral rami of T7-11
Subcostal (T12)
L1 spinal nerves

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33
Q

The neurovascular plane is between these two muscles

A

Internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles

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34
Q

Aponeuroses of 3 flat muscles that envelopes the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Rectus sheath

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35
Q

The rectus sheath envelopes this muscle

A

Rectus abdominis

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36
Q

4 contents of the rectus sheath

A

Rectus abdominis muscle
Inferior and superior epigastric vessels
T7-T12 nerves

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37
Q

Inferior end of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath

A

Arcuate line

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38
Q

The anterior wall of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line is made up of these (2)

A

External oblique muscle
Anterior lamella of internal oblique muscle

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39
Q

The posterior wall of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line is made up of these (2)

A

Posterior lamella of internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle

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40
Q

The anterior wall of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line is made up of these (3)

A

External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle
(Aponeurosis of all 3 flat abdominal muscles)

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41
Q

The posterior wall of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line is made of this

A

Deficient
The fascia transversalis lies in contact with the posterior wall of the rectus abdominis muscle

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42
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a branch of this

A

Internal thoracic artery

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43
Q

The upper part of rectus abdominis muscle is supplied blood by this

A

Superior epigastric artery

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44
Q

Artery that supplies the lower part of the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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44
Q

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of this

A

External iliac artery

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45
Q

Epigastric artery that is a branch off internal thoracic artery

A

Superior epigastric artery

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46
Q

Epigastric artery that is a branch off the external iliac artery

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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47
Q

The superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose here

A

Within the rectus sheath

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48
Q

The superficial epigastric artery is an immediate branch off the femoral artery

A

Femoral artery

49
Q

Artery that is an immediate branch off the femoral artery

A

Superficial epigastric artery

50
Q

The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery inferior to this

A

Inguinal ligament

51
Q

The external iliac artery becomes this artery inferior to the inguinal ligament

A

Femoral artery

52
Q

The external iliac artery becomes this artery inferior to the inguinal ligament

A

Femoral artery

53
Q

Cutaneous lymphatics from above the umbilicus drain here

A

Axillary lymph bodies

54
Q

Cutaneous lymphatics from below the umbilicus drain here

A

Superficial inguinal lymph bodies

55
Q

Umbilicus lymphatics drain here (2)

A

Axillary and superficial inguinal lymph bodies

56
Q

Connect lateral thoracic with superficial epigastric veins

A

Thoracoepigastric veins

57
Q

Serve as important collateral channels in obstruction of either superior or inferior vena cava

A

Thoracoepigastric veins

58
Q

Superior epigastric vein drains here

A

Internal thoracic vein

59
Q

Inferior epigastric vein drains here

A

External iliac vein

60
Q

Remnant of the obliterated vaginal process

A

Tunica vaginalis

61
Q

The tunica vaginalis is a remnant of this

A

Vaginal process

62
Q

Structure that pulls the gonads from the abdominal cavity into the pelvic cavity

A

Gubernaculum

63
Q

Space between the superficial and deep inguinal rings

A

Inguinal canal

64
Q

Superficial inguinal ring pierces this

A

External oblique muscle

65
Q

Deep inguinal ring pierces this

A

Fascia transversalis

66
Q

Component that forms the internal spermatic fascia

A

Transversalis fascia

67
Q

Component that forms the cremasteric fascia/muscle

A

Internal oblique muscle

68
Q

Component that forms the external spermatic fascia

A

External oblique aponeurosis

69
Q

The transversalis fascia forms this spermatic cord covering

A

Internal spermatic fascia

70
Q

The internal oblique muscle forms this spermatic cord covering

A

Cremasteric fascia/muscle

71
Q

The external oblique aponeurosis forms this spermatic cord covering

A

External spermatic fascia

72
Q

Most superficial layer surrounding the testis

A

Dartos

73
Q

Contraction of this muscle is responsible for wrinkling of the scrotum

A

Dartos (smooth) muscle

74
Q

The left testicular vein drains into this

A

Left renal vein
(at 90 degree angle)

75
Q

The right testicular vein drains into here

A

Inferior vena cava

76
Q

Testicular lymphatics drain into this

A

Lateral aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes

77
Q

Testicular vein that drains into the associated renal vein

A

Left

78
Q

Testicular vein that drains into the inferior vena cava

A

Right

79
Q

Right and left testicular arteries are branches off this

A

Aorta

80
Q

5 contents of the spermatic cord

A

Ductus deferens
Testicular artery
Artery of the ductus
Pampiniform plexus
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

81
Q

Testicular veins arise from this

A

Pampiniform plexus

82
Q

Posterior scrotal nerve is a branch of this

A

Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

83
Q

Scrotal nerve that is a branch of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

A

Posterior scrotal nerve

84
Q

Anterior scrotal nerve is a branch of these

A

Ilioinguinal (L1) and genital branch of genitofemoral (L1)

85
Q

Scrotal nerve that is a branch of ilioinguinal (L1) and genital branch of genitofemoral (L1)

A

Anterior scrotal nerve

86
Q

Scrotal anesthesia must be injected superior to this

A

L1 spinal segment

87
Q

Perineal artery gives off this branch

A

Posterior scrotal artery

88
Q

Posterior scrotal artery is a branch of this

A

Perineal artery

89
Q

Deep external pudendal artery is a branch of this

A

Anterior scrotal artery

90
Q

Anterior scrotal artery gives off this branch

A

Deep external pudendal artery

91
Q

Cancer of the testis metastasizes here

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

92
Q

Cancer of this metastasizes to the lumbar lymph nodes

A

Testis

93
Q

Cancer of the scrotum metastasizes here

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

94
Q

Cancer of this metastasizes to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

Scrotum

95
Q

Folds of the parietal peritoneum

A

Umbilical folds

96
Q

Umbilical folds are of this

A

Parietal peritoneum

97
Q

Umbilical fold that contains the medial umbilical ligament (urachus)

A

Median fold

98
Q

Umbilical fold that contains the obliterated umbilical arteries

A

Medial fold

99
Q

Umbilical fold that contains the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Lateral fold

100
Q

Median umbilical fold contains this

A

Median umbilical ligament (Urachus)

101
Q

Medial umbilical fold contains this

A

Obliterated umbilical arteries

102
Q

Lateral umbilical fold contains this

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

103
Q

Landmarks to distinguish direct from indirect inguinal hernias

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

104
Q

Inguinal hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Indirect

105
Q

Inguinal hernia medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Direct

106
Q

Zone of weakness through which direct inguinal hernia pierces the wall and enters the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle

107
Q

4 boundaries of the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle

A

Inferior epigastric artery
Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle
Inguinal ligament (anterior)
Iliopubic tract (posteriorly)

108
Q

Inguinal hernia that is mostly acquired

A

Direct

109
Q

Inguinal hernia that is mostly congenital

A

Indirect

110
Q

Fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

111
Q

Hydrocele is fluid in this

A

Processus vaginalis

112
Q

Condition where the testis has not descended or is not retractable (capable of being drawn down)

A

Cryptoochidism

113
Q

Surgical emergency because necrosis of the testis may occur
Obstructs the venous drainage, with resultant edema and hemorrhage, and subsequent arterial obstruction

A

Torsion

114
Q

Pampiniform plexus of veins becomes dilated (varicose) and tortuous

A

Variocele

115
Q

Variocele occurs predominantly on this side

A

Left
Due to 90 degree angle at which the left testicular vein enters the left renal vein

116
Q

Afferent/sensory of the cremasteric reflex

A

Inguinal nerve (L1)

117
Q

Efferent/motor of the cremasteric reflex

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1)

118
Q

The inguinal nerve (L1) provides this to the cremasteric reflex

A

Afferent/sensory

119
Q

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1) provides this to the cremasteric reflex

A

Efferent/motor

Anatomy (23 decks)

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